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In his book, Moody distilled the reports of 150 people who had had intense, life-altering experiences in the moments surrounding a cardiac arrest.[qh]
在他的书中，穆迪提炼了150人的报告，这些人在心脏骤停前后的瞬间有过强烈的、改变人生的经历。[qh]
Although the reports varied, he found that they often shared one or more common features or themes.[qh]
尽管这些报告各不相同，但他发现它们往往有一个或多个共同的特点或主题。[qh]
The narrative arc of the most detailed of those reports – departing the body and travelling through a long tunnel, having an out-of-body experience, encountering spirits and a being of light,[qh]
在那些报道中，最详细的描述是这样的：灵魂离开肉体，穿过一条长长的隧道，经历了一次出体体验，遇到了灵魂和一道光，[qh]
one's whole life flashing before one's eyes, and returning to the body from some outer limit – became so canonical that the art critic Robert Hughes could refer to it years later as “the familiar kitsch of near-death experience”.[qh]
一生的经历在眼前闪过，然后从外部回到肉体。这种叙述方式变得如此经典，以至于艺术评论家罗伯特·休斯多年后可以将其称为“濒死体验的常见媚俗”。[qh]
Moody's book became an international bestseller.[qh]
穆迪的书成为了国际畅销书。[qh]
In 1976, the New York Times reported on the burgeoning scientific interest in “life after death” and the “emerging field of thanatology”.[qh]
1976年，《纽约时报》报道了科学界对“来世”和“新兴的死亡学领域”日益浓厚的兴趣。[qh]
The following year, Moody and several fellow thanatologists founded an organisation that became the International Association for Near-Death Studies.[qh]
次年，穆迪和几位死亡学家同行创立了一个组织，该组织后来成为了国际濒死研究协会。[qh]
In 1981, they printed the inaugural issue of Vital Signs, a magazine for the general reader that was largely devoted to stories of near-death experiences.[qh]
1981年，他们印刷了首期《生命体征》杂志，这是一本面向普通读者的杂志，主要刊登濒死体验的故事。[qh]
The following year they began producing the field's first peer-reviewed journal, which became the Journal of Near-Death Studies.[qh]
次年，他们开始出版该领域的第一本同行评审期刊，该期刊后来成为《濒死研究杂志》。[qh]
The field was growing, and taking on the trappings of scientific respectability.[qh]
该领域正在发展，并具备了科学上的可靠性。[qh]
Reviewing its rise in 1988, the British Journal of Psychiatry captured the field's animating spirit: “A grand hope has been expressed that, through NDE research,[qh]
回顾其在1988年的兴起，《英国精神病学杂志》捕捉到了该领域的活跃精神：“人们表达了一个宏大的希望，即通过濒死体验研究，[qh]
new insights can be gained into the ageless mystery of human mortality and its ultimate significance, and that, for the first time, empirical perspectives on the nature of death may be achieved.”[qh]
可以深入了解人类死亡这一永恒之谜及其最终意义，并且首次可以从实证角度看待死亡的本质。”[qh]
But near-death studies was already splitting into several schools of belief, whose tensions continue to this day.[qh]
但是濒死研究已经分裂成几个信仰流派，它们之间的紧张关系一直持续到今天。[qh]
One influential camp was made up of spiritualists, some of them evangelical Christians, who were convinced that near-death experiences were genuine sojourns in the land of the dead and divine.[qh]
一个有影响力的阵营由唯灵论者组成，其中一些是福音派基督徒，他们确信濒死体验是在死亡和神灵之地的真正逗留。[qh]
As researchers, the spiritualists' aim was to collect as many reports of near-death experience as possible, and to proselytise society about the reality of life after death.[qh]
作为研究人员，唯灵论者的目标是收集尽可能多的濒死体验报告，并向社会宣扬死后生命存在的现实。[qh]
Moody was their most important spokesman; he eventually claimed to have had multiple past lives and built a “psychomanteum” in rural Alabama where people could attempt to summon the spirits of the dead by gazing into a dimly lit mirror.[qh]
穆迪是他们最重要的代言人；他最终声称自己有过多次前世，并在阿拉巴马州农村建造了一个“灵魂透视间”，人们可以通过凝视一面光线昏暗的镜子来尝试召唤死者的灵魂。[qh]
The second, and largest, faction of near-death researchers were the parapsychologists, those interested in phenomena that seemed to undermine the scientific orthodoxy that the mind could not exist independently of the brain.[qh]
第二，也是最大的一派濒死研究者是超心理学家，他们对那些似乎破坏了科学正统观念的现象感兴趣，即认为心灵不能独立于大脑而存在。[qh]
These researchers, who were by and large trained scientists following well established research methods, tended to believe that near-death experiences offered evidence that consciousness could persist after the death of the individual.[qh]
这些研究人员，他们基本上都是遵循成熟研究方法的训练有素的科学家，倾向于认为濒死体验提供了证据，证明个体死亡后意识可能会持续存在。[qh]
Many of them were physicians and psychiatrists who had been deeply affected after hearing the near-death stories of patients they had treated in the ICU.[qh]
他们中的许多人是医生和精神科医生，在听到他们在重症监护室治疗的患者的濒死故事后，深受影响。[qh]
Their aim was to find ways to test their theories of consciousness empirically, and to turn near-death studies into a legitimate scientific endeavour.[qh]
他们的目标是找到方法，以经验主义的方式检验他们的意识理论，并将濒死研究转变为一项合法的科学事业。[qh]
