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Yet if Hamas's leadership was not always unified on matters of vision, the persistence of Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza gave the group unity of purpose.[qh]
然而，如果说哈马斯的领导层在愿景问题上并不总是统一，那么以色列对约旦河西岸和加沙的持续占领使该组织的目标保持一致。[qh]
In 1993, when the PLO, led by Yasser Arafat, recognised the state of Israel and renounced violence with the signing of the first Oslo accord, it was Hamas that claimed the mantle of armed resistance and commitment to liberating all of historic Palestine.[qh]
1993年，当亚西尔·阿拉法特领导的巴解组织承认以色列国并签署第一份《奥斯陆协议》，宣布放弃暴力时，正是哈马斯宣称要进行武装抵抗，并承诺解放历史上所有的巴勒斯坦领土。[qh]
The agreement between Israel and the PLO was a disappointment to many Palestinians, and not just supporters of Hamas.[qh]
以色列和巴解组织之间的协议令许多巴勒斯坦人失望，不仅仅是哈马斯的支持者。[qh]
In a prescient 1993 essay, the Palestinian intellectual Edward Said called the Oslo Accords “an instrument of Palestinian surrender, a Palestinian Versailles”.[qh]
1993年，巴勒斯坦知识分子爱德华·赛义德在一篇有先见之明的文章中称，《奥斯陆协议》是“巴勒斯坦人投降的工具，是巴勒斯坦人的凡尔赛宫”。[qh]
Arafat had agreed to give up armed struggle against Israel and discounted the Palestinians' “unilateral and internationally acknowledged claim to the West Bank and Gaza”, Said wrote, while “Israel has conceded nothing”.[qh]
赛义德写道，阿拉法特同意放弃与以色列的武装斗争，并对巴勒斯坦“单方的和国际公认的对约旦河西岸和加沙的主权要求”不屑一顾，而“以色列没有做出任何让步”。[qh]
Throughout the 1990s, Hamas, adamantly opposed to Oslo, intensified its fight against Israel.[qh]
在整个20世纪90年代，坚决反对奥斯陆协议的哈马斯加强了与以色列的斗争。[qh]
In its early years, its attacks had mainly taken the form of small arms fire, low-intensity roadside bombs and low-tech attempts to kidnap Israeli soldiers.[qh]
在其成立之初，其袭击主要采取轻武器射击、低强度路边炸弹和低技术手段绑架以色列士兵的方式。[qh]
That changed on 6 April 1994, when a Palestinian man, dispatched by one of the leaders of Hamas's armed wing, blew himself up at a bus stop in the northern Israeli city of Afula, killing eight Israelis.[qh]
1994年4月6日，情况发生了变化，一名巴勒斯坦男子受哈马斯武装派别的一名领导人的派遣，在以色列北部城市阿夫拉的一个公共汽车站引爆了自己，炸死了8名以色列人。[qh]
It was expressly an act of vengeance in response to the massacre of 29 worshippers at the Ibrahimi mosque, carried out two months earlier by an Israeli extremist hoping to derail peace talks between the Israeli government and the PLO.[qh]
这一行为被解释为对以色列的报复行为，两个月前，一名以色列极端分子在易卜拉欣清真寺屠杀了29名朝拜者，企图破坏以色列政府与巴解组织之间的和平谈判。[qh]
The suicide bombing was also an expression of Hamas's emerging military strategy.[qh]
自杀式爆炸也是哈马斯新军事战略的一种表现。[qh]
Hamas leaders saw civilian deaths as Israel's weak spot, believing they would erode Israelis' sense of personal security and, ultimately, reduce Israeli resolve.[qh]
哈马斯领导人将平民死亡视为以色列的软肋，认为这会削弱以色列人的个人安全感，最终削弱以色列的决心。[qh]
The collapse of the Camp David talks in 2000, and the eruption of the second intifada, marked the transformation of Hamas into something more than just a spoiler.[qh]
2000年戴维营谈判的破裂，以及第二次起义的爆发，标志着哈马斯不再只是一个搅局者。[qh]
It emerged as a genuine challenger to the PLO and the institutions of the recently formed Palestinian Authority.[qh]
它成为巴解组织和最近成立的巴勒斯坦权力机构机构的真正挑战者。[qh]
The more Israel pursued settlement construction, and the more it entrenched the apparatus of military occupation, building checkpoints and walls, the more Fatah and the PA appeared to have capitulated, and the more Hamas's uncompromising position gained in appeal.[qh]
以色列越是追求建设定居点，越是巩固军事占领机构，建立检查站和隔离墙，法塔赫和巴勒斯坦权力机构就越是屈服，哈马斯的不妥协立场也就越有吸引力。[qh]
As the group mounted more suicide attacks through the 2000s, it also diversified its arsenal.[qh]
随着该组织在本世纪头十年发动了更多的自杀式袭击，它的武器库也变得多样化了。[qh]
In 2001, Hamas fired its first rockets from the Gaza Strip.[qh]
2001年，哈马斯从加沙地带发射了第一枚火箭弹。[qh]
For Hamas's leaders, this strategy of violence appeared to be vindicated in August 2005, as Israel began to withdraw its military and more than 8,000 settlers from the Gaza Strip.[qh]
对哈马斯领导人来说，这种暴力策略在2005年8月似乎是正确的，因为以色列开始从加沙地带撤出其军队和8000多名定居者。[qh]
(By contrast, for Ariel Sharon, the Israeli prime minister at the time, the disengagement was a tactical move intended to sabotage future peace negotiations.)[qh]
(相比之下，对当时的以色列总理阿里埃勒·沙龙来说，撤离是一种战术行动，旨在蓄意破坏未来的和平谈判)[qh]
“Today you are leaving Gaza humiliated,” proclaimed Mohammed Deif, Ayyash's successor and commander of the Qassam Brigades, in a videotaped message after the disengagement.[qh]
“今天，你们离开加沙是蒙羞的，”阿亚什的继任者、卡萨姆旅指挥官穆罕默德·德伊夫在撤离后的一段录像中说。[qh]
“Hamas will not disarm and will continue the struggle against Israel until it is erased from the map.”[qh]
“哈马斯不会解除武装，并将继续与以色列斗争，直到将其从地图上抹去。”[qh]
