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Five months into Israel's brutal war in Gaza, more than 30,000 Palestinians, most of them civilians, have been killed.[qh]
以色列在加沙的残酷战争已经持续了5个月，超过3万名巴勒斯坦人被杀，其中大多数是平民。[qh]
The Israeli ground invasion has displaced 2 million Palestinians within the Gaza Strip, many of them now forced into makeshift tents in and around the southern city of Rafah.[qh]
以色列的地面入侵导致加沙地带200万巴勒斯坦人流离失所，其中许多人现在被迫住进南部城市拉法及其周围的临时帐篷。[qh]
In northern Gaza, vast swaths of which have been flattened by relentless Israeli airstrikes and artillery shelling, international experts warn that “famine is imminent”.[qh]
在加沙北部，大片地区被以色列无情的空袭和炮击夷为平地，国际专家警告说“饥荒即将发生”。[qh]
Gazan children have already begun to die from lack of food.[qh]
加沙儿童已经开始因缺乏食物而死亡。[qh]
As the war continues, how Israeli, Palestinian and American political actors understand Hamas is not merely a theoretical question; it is as much a material factor on the ground as bullets and tanks.[qh]
随着战争的继续，以色列、巴勒斯坦和美国的政治角色如何理解哈马斯不仅仅是一个理论问题；如同子弹和坦克的材料一样，是一个基础问题。[qh]
It is one of the factors shaping military strategy, and will determine what kind of agreement can be reached to bring the current war to an end, and what the future of Gaza will look like.[qh]
这是影响军事战略的因素之一，将决定能够达成什么样的协议来结束目前的战争，以及加沙的未来会是什么样子。[qh]
The disintegration of Baskin and Hamad's relationship thus reflects a larger and older debate about Hamas, one that has only become more urgent.[qh]
因此，巴斯金和哈马德关系的破裂反映了一个更大、更古老的关于哈马斯的争论，这个争论只会变得更加紧迫。[qh]
At its core is a question about the essence of the organisation: whether it is primarily a nationalist group with an Islamist character, which could be a constructive player in a meaningful peace process,[qh]
其核心是一个关于该组织本质的问题：它是否主要是一个具有伊斯兰主义特征的民族主义组织，可以在有意义的和平进程中发挥建设性作用；[qh]
or whether it is a more radical, fundamentalist group, whose hostility to Israel is so unwavering that it can only play the role of violent opposition.[qh]
或者它是否是一个更激进的原教旨主义组织，对以色列的敌意如此坚定，以至于它只能扮演暴力反对派的角色。[qh]
One camp in this debate, chiefly composed of western counterterrorism experts and US and Israeli security analysts, has long seen the group as defined by its violent hostility to Israel's existence.[qh]
在这场辩论中，主要由西方反恐专家以及美国和以色列安全分析人士组成的一个阵营长期以来一直认为，该组织的特点是对以色列的存在充满暴力敌意。[qh]
According to this view, there was nothing surprising about 7 October.[qh]
根据这种观点，10月7日以色列遭火箭弹袭击没有什么令人惊讶的。[qh]
Instead, in the words of Matthew Levitt, a former Bush administration official and the author of a 2007 book on Hamas, it “demonstrated in the most visceral and brutal way that Hamas ultimately prioritised destroying Israel and creating an Islamist Palestinian state in its place”.[qh]
相反，用布什政府前官员、2007年出版的一本关于哈马斯的书的作者马修·莱维特的话来说，它“以最本能、最残酷的方式表明，哈马斯最终优先考虑的是摧毁以色列，并在其位置上建立一个伊斯兰主义的巴勒斯坦国”。[qh]
Analysts of this school tend to point to Hamas's vast tunnel infrastructure as evidence that the group protects its own fighters while leaving Gazan civilians above the surface to fend for themselves, without any system of bomb shelters.[qh]
这所学校的分析人士倾向于指向哈马斯庞大的隧道基础设施证明，该组织保护自己的战士，而让加沙平民在地面上自谋生存，没有任何防空洞系统。[qh]
An opposing, more heterogeneous camp, comprised of academics and thinktankers, many of them Palestinian, sees Hamas as a multifarious, complex political actor, divided between radical and moderating tendencies.[qh]
一个反对的，更多样化的阵营，由学者和智囊团组成，其中许多是巴勒斯坦人，认为哈马斯是一个多样化的，复杂的政治行动者，分为激进和温和的极端派别。[qh]
Hamas, they argue, is the product of the reality under which Palestinians live – brutal occupation and blockade – and therefore potentially responsive to changes in those conditions.[qh]
他们认为，哈马斯是巴勒斯坦人生活在残酷的占领和封锁下的现实的产物，因此会对这些条件的变化做出反应。[qh]
The problem, according to this view, is that even when Hamas leaders have appeared to be open to moderation, Israeli policy has made it impossible for the group to pursue this line without losing its credibility among Palestinians as the last-standing bastion of meaningful opposition to Israel and its occupation.[qh]
根据这种观点，问题在于，即使哈马斯领导人表现出对温和派持开放态度，哈马斯奉行自己的路线并且不失去对巴勒斯坦人的信誉，把巴勒斯坦人作为反对以色列及其占领重要最后的堡垒。以色列的政策使得这一切不可能实现。[qh]
