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Passage One
文章一
Dietary guidelines form the basis for nutrition advice and regulations around the world.
膳食指南是全世界营养建议和法规的基础。
While there is strong scientific consensus around most existing guidelines, one question has recently stirred debate: should consumers be warned to avoid ultra-processed foods?
虽然大多数现行指南都有很强的科学共识，但是最近有一个问题引发了争论:是否应该警告消费者避免食用超加工食品?
Two papers published today in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition outline the case for and against using the concept of "ultra-processed foods" to help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional food classification systems.
今天在《美国临床营养学杂志》上发表的两篇论文概述了在传统食物分类系统之外，使用“超加工食品”的概念来帮助制定膳食指南的正反方观点。
The authors, Carlos Monteiro of the University of Sao Paulo and Arna Ostrup of Novo Nordisk Foundation, will discuss the issue in a live virtual debate, August 14th, during NUTRITION 2024 Live Online.
两位作者，圣保罗大学的卡洛斯·蒙泰罗和诺和诺德基金会的阿尔娜·奥斯特鲁普，将在8月14日举行的“2024年美国营养学会年会”在线直播中，通过现场虚拟辩论的形式来讨论这一问题。
The debate centers around a system developed by Monteiro and colleagues that classifies foods by their degree of industrial processing, ranging from unprocessed to ultra-processed.
辩论围绕蒙泰罗及其同事开发的一套系统展开，该系统根据工业加工程度对食品进行分类，从未加工食品到超加工食品不等。
The system defines ultra-processed foods as those made using sequences of processes that extract substances from foods and alter them with chemicals in order to formulate the final product.
该系统对超加工食品的定义是:通过一系列工艺流程从食品中提取物质，并用化学物质改变这些物质，从而形成最终的产品。
Ultra-processed foods are characteristically designed to be cheap, tasty, and convenient.
超加工食品的特点是便宜、美味和方便。
Examples include soft drinks and candy, packaged snacks and pastries, ready to heat products, and reconstituted meat products.
例子包括软饮料和糖果、包装零食和点心、即热产品和重组肉制品。
Studies have linked consumption of ultra-processed foods, which are often high in salt, sugar, and fat, with weight gain and an increased risk of chronic diseases, even after adjusting for the amount of salt, sugar, and fat in the diet.
研究表明，即使对饮食中的盐、糖和脂肪含量进行了调整，食用超加工食品(通常是高盐、高糖和高脂肪食品)与体重增加和罹患慢性疾病的风险增加也有关联。
While the mechanisms behind these associations are not fully understood, Monteiro argues that the existing evidence is sufficient to justify discouraging consumption of ultra-processed foods in dietary recommendations and government policies.
虽然这些关联背后的机制还不完全清楚，但蒙泰罗认为，现有的证据就足以证明，在膳食建议和政府政策中不鼓励食用超加工食品是有道理的。
Question 9. What question is said to have recently stirred debate?
据说最近什么问题引发了争论?
Question 10. How does the system developed by Monteiro and colleagues classify foods?
蒙泰罗及其同事开发的系统是如何对食物进行分类的?
Question 11.What is consumption of ultra-processed foods linked with, according to studies?
研究表明，食用超加工食品与什么有关联?
