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Passage Two
文章二
Believe it or not, human creativity benefits from constraints.
信不信由你,人类的创造力得益于局限性。
According to psychologists, when you have less to work with, you actually begin to see the world differently.
根据心理学家的研究，当你可以利用的东西减少时，你实际上会开始以不同的方式看待这个世界。
With constraints, you dedicate your mental energy to acting more resourcefully.
有了局限性，你就会把你的精神能量用于采取更机智的行动。
When challenged, you figure out new ways to be better.
遇到挑战时，你就会想出新的办法来做得更好。
The most successful creative people know that constraints give their minds the impetus to leap higher.
最成功的有创造力的人都知道，局限性为他们的思维提供了飞跃的动力。
People who invent new products are not limited by what they don't have or can't do.
发明新产品的人不会被他们没有的东西或做不到的事情所限制。
They leverage their limitations to push themselves even further.
他们利用自己的局限性来推动自己更进一步。
Many products and services are created because the founders saw a limitation in what they use.
许多产品和服务得以创造都是因为创始人使用时看到了它们的局限性。
They created innovation based on what was not working for them at the moment.
他们根据当时对他们不起作用的东西进行创新。
Innovation is a creative person's response to limitation.
创新就是有创造力的人对局限性的回应。
In a 2015 study which examined how thinking about scarcity or abundance influences how creatively people use their resources, Ravi Mehta at the University of Illinois and Meng Zhu at Johns Hopkins University found that people simply have no incentive to use what's available to them in novel ways.
2015年的一项研究探讨了稀缺性或丰裕性思维如何影响人们创造性地使用资源，在该研究中，伊利诺伊大学的拉维·梅塔和约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的朱蒙发现，人们根本没有动力以新颖的方式使用现有资源。
When people face scarcity, they give themselves the freedom to use resources in less conventional ways because they have to.
当人们面临资源匮乏的境况时，他们会给自己自由，以不那么传统的方式使用资源，因为他们不得不这样做。
Obstacles can broaden your perception and open up your thinking processes.
障碍可以拓宽你的视野，开启你的思维过程。
Consistent constraints help you improve the connecting unrelated ideas and concepts.
持续不断的局限性有助于你改善不相关的想法和概念之间的联系。
Marissa Meyer, former vice president for search products and user experience at Google, once wrote in a publication on Bloomberg, "Constraints shape and focus problems and provide clear challenges to overcome; creativity thrives best when constrained."
谷歌负责搜索产品和用户体验的前副总裁玛丽莎·梅耶尔曾在彭博社的一篇文章中写道:“局限性可以塑造和聚焦问题，并提供需要克服的明确挑战;创造力在受到限制的情况下最能蓬勃发展。”
Question 12.What do psychologists say people do when they are short of resources?
心理学家说，当人们缺乏资源时，他们会怎么做?
Question 13. What does the passage say about innovation?
关于创新，这篇文章说了什么?
Question 14. What did a 2015 study by Ravi Mehta and Meng Zhu find?
2015年拉维·梅塔和朱蒙的一项研究发现了什么?
Question 15.What did Marissa Meyer once write concerning creativity?
关于创造力，玛丽莎·梅耶尔曾经写过什么?
