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Recording One
录音一
Different people use different strategies for managing conflicts.
不同的人使用不同的策略来管理冲突。
These strategies are learned in childhood.
这些策略是在童年时期学到的。
Usually, we are not aware of how we act in conflict situations.
通常情况下，我们并没有意识到自己在冲突情况下是如何表现的。
We just do whatever seems to come naturally.
我们只是做任何看起来自然的事情。
But we do have a personal strategy, and because it is learned, we can always change it by learning new and more effective ways of managing conflicts.
但是我们确实有个人策略，而且因为它是习得的，我们总是可以通过学习新的和更有效的冲突管理方法来改变它。
When you get involved in a conflict, there are two major concerns you have to take into account: achieving your personal goals and keeping a good relationship with the other person.
当你卷入一场冲突时，你必须考虑到两个主要问题：实现你的个人目标和与他人保持良好的关系。
How important your personal goals are and how important the relationship is to you affect how you act in a conflict.
你的个人目标有多重要，以及这段关系对你有多重要，会影响你在冲突中的行为。
Given these two concerns, five styles of managing conflicts can be identified.
鉴于这两个问题，可以确定五种管理冲突的风格。
1. The turtle.
乌龟方式。
Turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid conflicts.
采用乌龟方式的人缩进壳里以避免冲突。
They give up their personal goals and relationships.
他们放弃了自己的个人目标和人际关系。
They believe it is easier to withdraw from a conflict than to face it.
他们认为，从冲突中退出比面对它更容易。
2. The shark.
2.鲨鱼方式。
Sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to accept their solution to the conflict.
采用鲨鱼方式的人试图通过迫使对手接受他们的解决方案来战胜对手。
They seek to achieve their goals at all costs.
他们寻求不惜一切代价来实现他们的目标。
Sharks assume that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one person losing.
采用鲨鱼方式的人认为冲突是由一个人赢和一个人输来解决的。
Winning gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement.
获胜会给鲨鱼带来自豪感和成就感。
Losing gives them a sense of weakness, inadequacy, and failure.
失败会给他们带来一种软弱、不足和失败的感觉。
3. The teddy bear.
3.泰迪熊方式。
Teddy bears want to be accepted and liked by other people.
采用泰迪熊方式的人希望被其他人接受和喜欢。
They think that conflict should be avoided in favor of harmony, and believe that conflicts cannot be discussed without damaging relationships.
他们认为应该避免冲突以支持和谐，并且认为冲突无法在不损害关系的情况下进行讨论。
They give up their goals to preserve the relationship.
他们放弃自己的目标以维护关系。
4. The fox.
4.狐狸方式。
Foxes are moderately concerned with their own goals and about their relationships with other people.
采用狐狸方式的人会适度地关注自己的目标，以及与他人的关系。
They give up part of their goals and persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of his goals.
他们放弃自己的部分目标，并说服冲突中的另一方放弃他的部分目标。
They seek a solution to conflicts where both sides gain something.
他们寻求一种冲突解决方案，让双方都能有所收获。
5. The owl.
5.猫头鹰方式。
Owls view conflicts as problems to be solved.
采用猫头鹰方式的人将冲突视为有待解决的问题。
They see conflicts as improving relationships by reducing tension between two people.
他们认为冲突可以通过减少两个人之间的紧张关系来改善关系。
They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem.
他们试图展开一场讨论，将冲突视为一个问题。
By seeking solutions that satisfy both themselves and the other person, owls maintain the relationship.
猫头鹰通过寻求既能满足自己又能满足对方的解决方案，来维持关系。
Owls are not satisfied until a solution is found that achieves their own goals and the other person's goals, and they are not satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have been fully resolved.
采用猫头鹰方式的人只有在找到一个既能实现自己的目标又能实现对方目标的解决方案时才会满意，并且只有在紧张和负面情绪完全解决后才会满意。
Question 16. Why does the speaker say strategies for managing conflicts can always be changed?
为什么讲话者说冲突解决策略总是可以改变的?
Question 17.What is said to affect the way one acts in a conflict?
什么被认为会影响一个人在冲突中的行为方式?
Question 18. Of the five styles the speaker discusses, which views conflicts as problems to be solved?
在讲话者讨论的五种方式中，哪一种将冲突视为需要解决的问题?
