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Now, let's move on to the next philosopher who believed we shouldn't put so much emphasis on other people's opinions: Epictetus.
现在，让我们继续讨论下一位认为我们不应该过分重视他人观点的哲学家：爱比克泰德。
Once, Epictetus encountered a poor guy who tried to convince the people around him he didn't deserve their pity).
有一次，爱比克泰德遇到了一个穷人，这个穷人试图说服周围的人，他不值得他们同情。
The man tried to teach them that they pitied him for things they shouldn't pity him for, such as poverty and lack of status, stating that these things aren't bad.
他试图告诉周围人，他们可怜这个他是因为一些不该可怜他的事情，比如贫穷和缺乏地位，并说这些事情并不坏。
But Epictetus quickly pointed out that trying to convince people of good and evil is a vain pursuit; even Zeus cannot do it, so why did he try?
但爱比克泰德很快指出，试图让人们相信善恶是徒劳的；即使是宙斯也做不到，那他为什么要尝试呢？
Yet, the man wanted these people to have a better opinion of him.
然而，这个人希望这些人对他有更好的看法。
So, if he couldn't convince them not to pity him for being poor and of low status, maybe he could pretend to be a high-status person to gain their approval.
所以，如果他不能说服他们不要因为他贫穷和地位低下而可怜他，也许他可以假装成一个地位高的人来获得他们的认可。
But Epictetus reminded him of the means necessary to achieve this facade: he had to borrow a bunch of slaves, possess a couple of luxury items, and show them off often.
但爱比克泰德提醒他实现这一假象的必要手段：他必须借一群奴隶，拥有几件奢侈品，并经常炫耀它们。
He had to act rich and distinguished, dine and hang out with upper-class people, trying to emulate their ways: all that effort just to avoid pity and contempt.
他必须表现得富有而杰出，与上流社会的人一起进餐、一起闲逛，试图效仿他们的生活方式：所有这些努力只是为了避免怜悯和蔑视。
Epictetus explained to him the absurdity of trying to convince others while not having convinced the only person he can truly convince: himself.
爱比克泰德向他解释了试图说服他人却无法说服他真正能说服的人：他自己，这是荒谬的。
Only his own opinions, pursuits, and attitudes were up to him.
只有他自己的观点、追求和态度才由他决定。
The only way to cease suffering from pain and turmoil (in this case, that people looked down on him) is by giving up things that lie outside the sphere of moral purpose, in other words, outside of his control, and casting them aside.
停止痛苦和动荡（在这种情况下，人们看不起他）的唯一方法是放弃那些超出道德目的范围的东西，换句话说，超出他控制范围的东西，并将它们抛在一边。
Epictetus told the man: To what class of things, then, does another's opinion about you belong?--To that which lies outside the sphere of the moral purpose. --And so it is nothing to you? --Nothing. End quote.
爱比克泰德告诉这个人：别人对你的看法属于哪一类？——超出道德目的范围的东西。——所以它对你来说不算什么？——不算什么。
What people do and think is ultimately not in our control, and according to Epictetus, such things shouldn't be a prime concern.
人们的行为和想法最终不在我们的控制范围内，根据爱比克泰德的说法，这些事情不应该成为首要关注的问题。
The Stoic philosopher's view is valuable in today's society, characterized by outrage, people with short fuses, and a lack of overall tolerance towards 'the other.'
斯多葛哲学家的观点在当今社会很有价值，因为当今社会的特点是愤怒、脾气暴躁、对“他人”缺乏整体容忍度。
People are fighting each other, often anonymously, over different views.
人们为了不同的观点而互相争斗，通常是匿名的。
Some seek to impose their views on others, some throw insults and slurs, and others feel deeply hurt by the ideas of their political opponents. But let's face it: aren't we wasting our time?
有些人试图把自己的观点强加于他人，有些人辱骂和诽谤他人，有些人则因政治对手的想法而深受伤害。但让我们面对现实吧：我们不是在浪费时间吗？
The next philosopher was very passionate about non-conformity and following one's authentic path: Ralph Waldo Emerson.
下一位哲学家对不墨守成规和追随真实的道路非常热衷：拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生。
Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American transcendentalist philosopher, also known as the champion of individualism and critical thinking.
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生是一位美国超验主义哲学家，也被称为个人主义和批判性思维的拥护者。
His essay Self-Reliance calls on individuals to trust themselves when choosing their paths.
他的文章《论自助》呼吁个人在选择道路时要相信自己。
According to Emerson, we should avoid conforming to the judgments and expectations of others, as overvaluing other people's opinions prevents us from living authentically.
根据爱默生的说法，我们应该避免顺从他人的判断和期望，因为过分重视他人的意见会阻碍我们真实地生活。
"Imitation is suicide," stated Emerson, meaning that by copying others and conforming to societal norms, we kill our individuality and unique potential.
爱默生说：“模仿就是自杀”，意思是通过模仿他人并遵守社会规范，我们会扼杀自己的个性和独特潜力。
He believed each individual possesses a unique inner guiding light, an inner voice telling us where to go.
他相信每个人都拥有独特的内在指引之光，内心的声音告诉我们该去哪里。
Emerson viewed the inner voice as a divine spark, or "over-soul," representing the God within us.
爱默生将内心的声音视为神圣的火花或“超灵”，代表着我们内心的上帝。
For him, self-reliance meant prioritizing this inner guidance over the opinions of others.
对他来说，自力更生意味着将这种内在指导置于他人意见之上。
Each individual has unique experiences that only they can fully understand, as the divine plan is uniquely tailored to each person's life.
每个人都有独特的经历，只有他们自己才能完全理解，因为神圣的计划是为每个人的生活量身定制的。
He wrote: Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events. End quote.
他写道：相信自己：相信你自己，每颗心都跟随那存在之链颤动。接受上苍赋予你的位置，你同时代的人，以及事件之间的联系。
Like Schopenhauer, Emerson believed that people's opinions often change and are shaped by shallow factors, making them untrustworthy.
和叔本华一样，爱默生认为，人们的观点经常改变，并受到肤浅因素的影响，使他们不值得信任。
They are "put on and off as the wind blows and a newspaper directs," he wrote.
他写道，他们的意见“随着风向和报纸的指示而改变”。
Instead of being tossed around by these often unfounded, superficial, and transient opinions of others, it's better to develop inner strength and trust in one's own voice. We should rise above public opinion. Let others be sheep.
与其被别人这些往往毫无根据、肤浅和短暂的意见所左右，不如培养内在的力量，相信自己的声音。我们应该超越公众舆论。让别人成为绵羊。
Speaking of sheep, we'll conclude this video with another philosopher--an admirer of Emerson--who also valued authenticity and despised herd mentality: Friedrich Nietzsche.
说到绵羊，我们将以另一位哲学家——爱默生的崇拜者——来结束这段视频，他也重视真实性，鄙视从众心理：弗里德里希·尼采。
Friedrich Nietzsche's idea of the 'overman' (or ?bermensch) urges us to rise above mediocrity and create our own values.
弗里德里希·尼采的“超人”理念鼓励我们超越平庸，创造自己的价值观。
The overman breaks free from societal standards, conventional morality, and herd mentality.
超人摆脱了社会标准、传统道德和从众心理。
In Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche compares humanity to a rope stretched across an abyss--a dangerous crossing from beast to overman.
在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》中，尼采将人类比作横跨深渊的绳索——从野兽到超人的危险跨越。
This journey requires courage, self-overcoming, and letting go of the comforts that keep us tied to conformity.
这段旅程需要勇气、自我克服和放弃让我们陷入顺从的舒适感。
Like domesticated sheep, the masses cling to safety, consumerism, and group ideals that prevent individuals from excelling and becoming who they are.
就像被驯养的绵羊一样，大众执着于安全、消费主义和群体理想，这些都阻碍了个人的卓越和成为他们自己。
As Nietzsche predicted, many people today have turned into what he called "last men."
正如尼采所预言的那样，今天的许多人已经变成了他所说的“末人”。
They're mainly occupied by seeking short-term pleasures, and their lives don't amount to anything.
他们主要忙于寻求短期的快乐，他们的生活毫无意义。
In our times, people seem to be lived by corporations, telling them what to like and consume, which leads to many feeling empty. The cure for this emptiness is always to consume more.
在我们这个时代，人们似乎被公司所左右，公司告诉他们喜欢什么、消费什么，这导致许多人感到空虚。这种空虚的解药永远是消费更多。
According to Nietzsche, to prevent nihilism, one should break free from the herd and forge a path of continual becoming and self-overcoming, the authentic path of the overman.
根据尼采的说法，为了防止虚无主义，人们应该摆脱群体，开辟一条不断成长和自我克服的道路，这是超人真正的道路。
Of course, as with anyone who dares to be different, one can expect ridicule, anger, pity, contempt, and being misunderstood,
当然，和任何敢于与众不同的人一样，人们可以预料到嘲笑、愤怒、怜悯、蔑视和被误解，
which, as philosophers such as Epictetus and Schopenhauer also pointed out, are the price to pay for a better life.
正如爱比克泰德和叔本华等哲学家也指出的那样，这些都是过上更好生活的代价。
