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5. We expanded effective domestic demand and promoted coordinated regional development and new urbanization.
（五）扩大国内有效需求，推进区域协调发展和新型城镇化。
To create a new pattern of development, we fully leveraged China’s super-sized market and carried out the strategy of expanding domestic demand to foster more growth engines.
围绕构建新发展格局，立足超大规模市场优势，坚持实施扩大内需战略，培育更多经济增长动力源。
We strived to expand consumption and effective investment.
着力扩大消费和有效投资。
Before the outbreak of Covid-19, consumption had become the primary driver of China’s economic growth.
疫情发生前，消费已经成为我国经济增长的主要拉动力。
In the face of insufficient and even shrinking demand, we acted to secure a swift recovery in consumption.
面对需求不足甚至出现收缩，推动消费尽快恢复。
We promoted personal income growth through various avenues and saw the earnings of middle- and low-income groups rise.
多渠道促进居民增收，提高中低收入群体收入。
Spending on automobiles, home appliances, and other big-ticket items was supported.
支持汽车、家电等大宗消费，
The number of cars in use in China topped 300 million, an increase of 46.7 percent compared to five years ago.
汽车保有量突破3亿辆、增长46.7%。
We vigorously promoted both online and offline consumption, raising the share of online sales for physical goods from 15.8 percent to 27.2 percent of total retail sales of consumer goods.
推动线上线下消费深度融合，实物商品网上零售额占社会消费品零售总额的比重从15.8%提高到27.2%。
Businesses serving residents’ daily needs flourished in urban communities, and the express delivery system in rural areas was improved.
发展城市社区便民商业，完善农村快递物流配送体系。
We also provided support for the tourism sector.
帮扶旅游业发展。
We expanded effective investment to shore up weak links, promote structural adjustments, and sustain growth momentum.
围绕补短板、调结构、增后劲扩大有效投资。
Innovations were made in investment and financing systems and mechanisms, and nongovernmental investment increased several times over under the guidance and drive of central government budgetary investment.
创新投融资体制机制，预算内投资引导和撬动社会投资成倍增加，
We increased the scale of local government special-purpose bonds, with a high priority given to the development of sectors such as transportation, water conservancy, energy, information, and other infrastructure as well as projects for the people’s wellbeing.
增加地方政府专项债券额度，重点支持交通、水利、能源、信息等基础设施和民生工程建设，
We also encouraged nongovernmental capital to participate in the construction and operation of such projects, and this stimulated investment from nongovernmental sources.
鼓励社会资本参与建设运营，调动民间投资积极性。
We achieved more balanced and coordinated regional development.
增强区域发展平衡性协调性。
We took coordinated steps to promote large-scale development of the western region, the full revitalization of northeast China, the rise of the central region, and trailblazing development in the eastern region.
统筹推进西部大开发、东北全面振兴、中部地区崛起、东部率先发展，
Overall, the central and western regions outpaced the eastern region in terms of economic growth rate.
中西部地区经济增速总体高于东部地区。
We stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, and border areas, with central government transfer payments to these areas rising by 66.8 percent over these five years.
加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区的支持力度，中央财政对相关地区转移支付资金比五年前增长66.8%。
We promoted coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin.
推进京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、长三角一体化发展，推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。
The building of Xiong’an New Area was advanced according to high standards and quality requirements.
高标准高质量建设雄安新区。
Development of the marine economy was promoted.
发展海洋经济。
We supported regions facing economic difficulty in pursuing development, promoted the economic transformation of resource-depleted areas, encouraged regions with favorable conditions to lead the way in development, and fostered more growth poles and growth belts.
支持经济困难地区发展，促进资源型地区转型发展，鼓励有条件地区更大发挥带动作用，推动形成更多新的增长极增长带。
We continued to advance people-centered new urbanization.
持续推进以人为核心的新型城镇化。
China is still in the process of urbanization, with ten million plus rural people moving to urban areas each year.
我国仍处于城镇化进程中，每年有上千万农村人口转移到城镇。
We improved the functions of cities and particularly county seats to increase their overall carrying capacity.
完善城市特别是县城功能，增强综合承载能力。
Restrictions on permanent urban residency were eased or removed on a category-by-category basis, and 140 million rural residents were granted permanent urban residency over the past decade.
分类放宽或取消城镇落户限制，十年1.4亿农村人口在城镇落户。
We promoted well-ordered development of city clusters and metropolitan areas and coordinated development of cities of different sizes.
有序发展城市群和都市圈，促进大中小城市协调发展。
Development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone was promoted.
推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设。
Adhering to the principle that housing is for living in and not for speculation, we established long-term mechanisms in the real estate market, expanded the supply of government-subsidized housing, and developed the long-term rental market.
坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位，建立实施房地产长效机制，扩大保障性住房供给，推进长租房市场建设，
We kept land costs, house prices, and market expections stable and adopted city-specific measures to facilitate sound development of the real estate sector.
稳地价、稳房价、稳预期，因城施策促进房地产市场健康发展。
Urban infrastructure was improved.
加强城市基础设施建设，
The length of in-service urban rail transit lines increased from just over 4,500 kilometers to close to 10,000 kilometers and the length of urban drainage pipelines rose from 630,000 kilometers to 890,000 kilometers.
轨道交通运营里程从4500多公里增加到近1万公里，排水管道从63万公里增加到89万公里。
A total of 167,000 old urban residential compounds were renovated, benefiting more than 29 million households.
改造城镇老旧小区16.7万个，惠及2900多万家庭。
