今日长难句：

选自《经济学人》

A well-established psychological phenomenon known as “verbal overshadowing” captures the danger of overthinking things: people are more likely to misidentify someone in a line-up if they have spent time writing a description of their faces.

“语词遮蔽效应”这种广为人知的心理现象充分体现了过度思考有多危险：如果人们花时间写下对某人的脸部描述，就更有可能认错人。

这句话第一个简单句的框架简化出来就是a phenomenon captures the danger，一个现象捕捉住危险，什么样的现象？现象的前置修饰成分A well-established psychological 很容易理解，广为人知的心理现象，phenomenon之后跟随过去分词短语作修饰它， known as “verbal overshadowing”被称作“语词遮蔽效应”的心理现象，这个现象captures the danger of overthinking things，捕捉住了过度思考的危险。冒号之后进一步解释这个危险是什么。 people are more likely to misidentify someone in a line-up，人们更容易在一排嫌疑犯中认错人，其中be likely to do sth表示容易做某事，a line-up在这里指的是“一排嫌疑犯”，再往后是if引导的条件状语从句，if they have spent time writing a description of their faces.如果人们花时间写下对某人的脸部描述。

总结下，这句话由3个简单句组成，captures和are是主句当中的谓语动词，have spent是从句当中的谓语动词。整句话意思是： “语词遮蔽效应”这种广为人知的心理现象充分体现了过度思考有多危险：如果人们花时间写下对某人的脸部描述，就更有可能认错人。

核心要点：

1.overshadow v. 使黯然失色，使相形见绌；使扫兴，使蒙上阴影；

例：He had always been overshadowed by his elder sister.

他与他姐姐相比总是相形见绌。

2.line up 排队；与…对齐; 对齐

例：The gym teachers lined us up against the cement walls.

体操老师们让我们靠水泥墙排成队。

3.misidentify vt. 识别错

例：Moreover, they misidentify that cause: it is not poverty as such, but inequality.

此外，决策者们没有正确认识这一原因：并不是上述那样的贫穷，而是不平等。

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