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National parks: closed.
国家公园：关闭。
Federal workers: furloughed.
联邦工作人员：休假。
Food safety inspections: stopped.
食品安全检查：停止。
That's just part of the scenario that happens when the federal government shuts down.
这只是联邦政府停摆时会发生一部分情况。
Here's why government shutdowns happen and what one could mean for you.
本期内容将解释政府停摆的原因，以及停摆可能对你产生的影响。
The federal government's fiscal year begins on October 1st.
联邦政府的财政年度从每年10月1日开始。
Each year, Congress must adopt about a dozen spending bills, called appropriations bills, by that date to keep the government running.
每年，美国会必须在那个日期之前通过大约12项支出法案，即拨款法案，以维持政府的运转。
Federal agencies and programs rely on this annual funding to operate.
联邦机构和机构参与的项目依靠这笔年度资金维持运作。
When the House, Senate, and president can't agree on a spending plan in time, Congress usually approves temporary spending measures to keep the lights on, but sometimes disputes are fierce enough lawmakers can't reach a compromise and the funding gap forces a partial government shutdown.
当众议院、参议院和总统无法及时就支出计划达成一致时，国会通常会批准临时支出措施，以保持机构运转，但争端过于激烈，议员们无法达成妥协时，资金缺口将迫使政府部分停摆。
This can happen because of disputes over, say, abortion, public works, or education funding.
纠纷可能涉及堕胎、公共工程或教育资金等方面。
When a partial shutdown occurs, it means any non-essential government functions, halt, and thousands of federal employees are furloughed or temporarily out of work.
政府部分停摆意味着所有非必要的政府职能停止，数千名联邦雇员暂时休假或暂时失业。
During a shutdown, functions relating to public safety continue, so you can expect law enforcement and power grid maintenance to keep running.
在停摆期间，与公共安全相关的功能将继续运行，因此执法部门和电网维护部门将继续工作。
You'll keep getting your mail, Social Security and Medicare payments, but you may want to reconsider trips to national parks.
你还能收到邮件，得到社会保障和医疗保险，但去国家公园旅行不是个很好的选择。
While some park gates have stayed open amid previous shutdowns, visitor services and maintenance stopped.
在之前的停摆期间，一些国家公园虽然照常开放，但不再提供游客服务和维护工作。
And plan to spend some extra time if you're traveling through an airport.
如果你要坐飞机旅行，则要花费更多时间。
TSA workers and air traffic controllers have had to work through previous shutdowns without pay, leading to staffing issues and slowdowns as workers across the country called out sick.
美国联邦运输安全管理局的工作人员和空中交通管制员在之前的停工期间不得不无薪工作，导致全国各地工作人员请病假，人员配备出现困难，工作流程减缓。
In total, there have been 21 shutdowns in U.S. history.
在美国历史上，政府总共经历了21次停摆。
The longest was December 2018 lasting 35 days.
最长的一次在2018年12月，停摆持续了35天。
In the 2018 shutdown, 800,000 federal workers had been furloughed or forced to work without pay, and the loss of government services affected millions more.
在2018年政府停摆期间，80万联邦工作人员暂时休假或被迫无薪工作，政府服务暂停影响了数百万人。
Federal workers who are furloughed or forced to work without pay, do receive back pay once the shutdown eventually ends, which can happen in one of two ways.
一旦政府停摆结束，暂时休假或被迫无薪工作的联邦工作人员确实会收到拖欠的工资，而收回工资的方式有两种。
Congress would need to approve a temporary spending bill to patch funding until lawmakers agreed to a longer term compromise or the House and Senate would pass all of the appropriations bills and get them signed by the president to provide federal agencies with a full year of funding.
由国会批准一项临时支出法案来填补资金空缺，直到议员们达成一项更长期的妥协；或者由参众两院通过所有拨款法案，并让总统签署通过，为联邦机构提供下个财年的资金。
