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Cold nights, on Chippewa Flowage, a lake in the state of Wisconsin, do not stop 15-year-old Gabe Bisonette.
在威斯康星州的奇珀瓦弗拉格湖上，夜晚的寒冷也未能阻止15岁的加布·比森内特。
He has been learning spearfishing, a tradition of the Ojibwe Native American tribe, for a long time.
他学习鱼叉捕鱼已经很长时间了。捕鱼是奥吉布瓦印第安部落的一项传统。
Ojibwe and other indigenous people are fighting to keep this way of fishing alive.
奥吉布瓦族和其他原住民正在努力让这种捕鱼方式流传下来。
But the number of walleye fish in the lake is decreasing due to warming waters, seasonal changes and lake development.
但是，由于水温升高、季节变化和湖泊开发，湖中角膜白斑鱼的数量正在减少。
Losing this fish would mean losing a food source for community members and a deep connection to tradition and nature.
失去这种鱼意味着族民失去了一个食物来源，也意味着失去了与传统和自然的深厚联系。
Many in the community say that with science and good management, they will be able to continue this tradition in the future.
部落中的许多人都说，凭借科学和良好的管理，他们将能够在未来继续这一传统。
But there is also concern about the changes that are already happening.
但是，人们也对已经发生的变化感到担忧。
“We’ve seen things here over the last couple of years that I’ve never seen before,” said Brian Bisonette, Gabe’s uncle.
“过去几年我们在这里看到了一些我以前从未见过的事情，”加布的叔叔布莱恩·比索内特说道。
He and Gabe are both members of the Lac Courte Oreilles Tribe.
他和加布都是拉克库特奥里尔斯部落的成员。
The group is one of the bands of the Ojibwe people.
该部落是奥吉布韦人的部落之一。
Bisonette is the conservation director of Lac Courte Oreilles Conservation Department.
比索内特是拉克库特奥里尔斯保护区保护部门的保护主任。
He said past tribal leaders understood the need for securing enough food to live in their homeland.
他说，过去的部落首领明白，需要确保有足够的食物才能维系他们的生活。
So, they got the right to hunt, fish, and gather wild rice in certain areas as part of 19th-century treaties. These same treaties gave land to settlers.
所以，他们获得了在某些地区狩猎、捕鱼和采集野生稻的权利，这是19世纪条约的一部分。这些条约也将土地给予了定居者。
But for a long time after that, the state of Wisconsin lessened treaty rights of tribes.
但在那之后的很长一段时间里，威斯康星州减少了部落的条约权利。
In some cases, officials even arrested members for taking part in tribal activities.
在某些情况下，官员甚至会逮捕参加部落活动的成员。
A 1983 Supreme Court decision held up the rights of the Ojibwe people.
1983年最高法院的一项裁决维护了奥吉布瓦人的权利。
As a result, angry locals showed up at lakes to trouble tribal members.
结果，愤怒的当地人出现在湖边，给部落成员带来了麻烦。
They damaged vehicles, shouted racist comments and shot at spearfishers. Today, officials guard every boat landing. But incidents still happen.
他们破坏车辆，高喊种族主义言论，并向捕鱼者开枪。如今，官员们守卫着每一个船只停靠点。但事件仍在发生。
Tribes and local conservation teams are finding ways to protect walleye and the spearing tradition.
部落和当地的保护团队正在寻找保护角膜白斑鱼和鱼叉捕鱼传统的方法。
Spearfishers are required to get permits that limit the number of fish they can take.
鱼叉捕鱼者必须获得许可证，限制他们可以捕捞的鱼的数量。
And some lakes are filled with fish born in a hatchery and released into the lake.
有些湖泊里的鱼是在孵化场出生后被放生到湖里的。
But still the goal in many cases is to increase natural reproduction.
但在许多情况下，目标仍然是增加自然繁殖。
“Whether it’s tribal or non-tribal, this is a concern for all of us,” Bisonette said.
“无论是部落还是非部落，这都是我们所有人关心的问题，”比索内特说道。
On another lake, Lac Courte Oreilles, Department of Natural Resources (DNR) biologist Max Wolter and supervisor Angelena Sikora look for walleye, too.
在另一个湖泊，库尔蒂奥雷湖，自然资源部（DNR）生物学家马克斯·沃尔特和主管安吉丽娜·西科拉也在寻找角膜白斑鱼。
They capture, measure, and record the size and sex of the fish.
他们捕捉、测量并记录鱼的大小和性别。
The goal is to get a clear picture of the fish populations of inland lakes, including Chippewa Flowage and Lac Courte Oreilles.
目标是要清楚了解内陆湖泊的鱼类种群情况，包括奇珀瓦湖和拉克库特奥里尔斯湖。
The DNR gathers this information in partnership with tribal conservation partners and the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission.
自然资源部与部落保护合作伙伴以及大湖印第安鱼类和野生动物委员会合作收集这些信息。
After examining the numbers, experts across all groups are noticing signs of change.
在检查了这些数字之后，所有小组的专家都注意到了变化的迹象。
Wolter said, “It’s not that the adult walleye are just dying out, it’s that the amount of reproduction isn’t happening at the same levels that it used to, especially in certain water bodies.”
沃尔特说：“并不是说成年大眼梭鲈正在灭绝，而是繁殖数量没有达到过去的水平，特别是在某些水体中。”
Climate change is affecting the home of the fish. Walleyes do best in unclear waters.
气候变化正在影响鱼类的家园。角膜白斑鱼在浑浊的水域中生长得最好。
But because of long periods of severely dry weather, or drought, the flow of rivers into the lake has lessened. This leads to clearer water.
但是由于长时间的严重干旱天气，或者说旱灾，流入湖泊的河流流量减少了。这导致了湖水更加清澈。
In 2022, Wisconsin’s Department of Natural Resources updated its conservation plan for walleye, with a focus on climate change.
2022年，威斯康星州自然资源部更新了其针对角膜白斑鱼的保护计划，重点关注气候变化。
And in January 2023, the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission released the updated version of its climate change vulnerability report.
2023年1月，大湖印第安鱼类和野生动物委员会发布了其气候变化脆弱性报告的更新版本。
The report addresses many concerns that tribal members have.
该报告解决了部落成员的许多担忧。
Tribal member Kelly Martin has been spearfishing with his family for many years. He has seen changes firsthand.
部落成员凯利·马丁多年来一直与家人一起进行鱼叉捕鱼。他亲眼目睹了变化。
One year he was surprised by how early the season started. There was no ice on the lake.
有一年，他惊讶于这个季节开始得如此之早。湖面上没有冰。
Martin also has seen waters changed by land development.
马丁也看到了土地开发导致的水域变化。
After the pandemic, he observed a great increase in the building of lakefront homes. Martin himself works as a roofing contractor.
疫情过后，他注意到湖边房屋的建设大幅增加。马丁本人是一名屋顶承包商。
Many northern Wisconsin tribal members have watched as more people have moved into their small community.
许多威斯康星州北部的部落成员眼睁睁地看着越来越多的人搬进他们的小部落。
Some come to vacation or for a “climate-proof” home.
一些人来度假，或者为了一个“防气候变化”的家。
The area has a large supply of fresh water and is safe from rising sea levels.
该地区有大量的淡水供应，并且不受海平面上升的影响。
But those newcomers and summer visitors are not the ones who depend on nature for food.
但是那些新来者和夏季访客并不是那些依靠自然获取食物的人。
And they are not the ones fighting for traditions that go back generations.
他们也不是为了那些代代相传的传统而战的人。
As inland lakes warm with climate change, tribal members experience the effects first.
随着内陆湖泊因气候变化而变暖，部落成员首先感受到了影响。
With their generational knowledge of the lakes, Bisonette and others invested in spearfishing will continue fighting to do so.
凭借他们对湖泊的世代了解，比索内特和其他投资于叉鱼的人将继续为此而战。
For now, because of conservation efforts, Martin spears enough fish to help feed elders in the community.
目前，由于保护工作的开展，马丁捕获了足够的鱼来帮助养活社区中的老人。
He and others work long hours preparing the fish and taking it people in the community.
他和其他人长时间工作，准备鱼并将其带给社区中的人们。
Martin says he loves these visits because he gets to listen to stories of the elders. “Some of these people … that’s how they grew up. This is what their life is … doing this. I just hope I get to be like that,” Martin said.
马丁说他喜欢拜访，因为他可以听长辈们的故事。“这些人中的一些……他们就是这样长大的。这就是他们的生活……做这些。我只希望我能像他们一样，”马丁说。
I’m Anna Matteo. And I’m Caty Weaver.
我是安娜·马特奥。我是凯蒂·韦弗。
