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A meaningless universe without objective truth isn't necessarily a bad thing. However, people's attitudes toward this idea could be problematic.
一个没有客观真理的无意义宇宙不一定是坏事。然而，人们对这个想法的态度可能会有问题。
Many people become depressed when facing the meaninglessness of their lives, realizing that nothing they do has significance.
许多人在面对生活中的无意义时会感到沮丧，意识到他们所做的一切都没有意义。
Despair, pessimism, melancholy, and hopelessness plague their minds. "What am I even doing here?" they ask themselves.
绝望、悲观、忧郁和无助困扰着他们的心灵。“我在这里到底在做什么？”他们问自己。
Others soothe the pain of meaninglessness by indulging in sensory pleasures through mind-numbing entertainment to distract themselves from a threatening void.
其他人通过沉迷于令人麻木的娱乐来缓解无意义的痛苦，以分散自己对威胁性的空虚的注意力。
Some people use the idea of moral nihilism as a license to engage in brutal acts of violence.
有些人利用道德虚无主义的观念作为从事残酷暴力行为的许可证。
We only have to look at recent history to see what people lacking morals are capable of.
我们只需看看最近的历史，就能知道缺乏道德的人能做什么。
Why be "good" (whatever that means) if no Heaven, Paradise, or Enlightenment awaits to compensate us for it?
如果没有极乐之地、伊甸园或启蒙来补偿我们，为什么要“善良”（不管这意味着什么）？
If Man, not God, created these values (for whatever purpose he saw fit), why would we abide by them?
如果是人类而不是上帝创造了这些价值观（无论出于什么目的），我们为什么要遵守它们？
After all, if we designate a quality like 'generosity' as 'good,' it doesn't mean it's universally true.
毕竟，如果我们将“慷慨”这样的品质指定为“善”，这并不意味着它普遍适用。
Therefore, according to the moral nihilist, 'generosity' isn't any better than its opposite 'greed,' 'forgiveness' isn't preferable over 'revenge,' nor is 'faithfulness' over 'infidelity.'
因此，根据道德虚无主义者的说法，“慷慨”并不比它的对立面“贪婪”更好，“宽恕”并不比“报复”更好，“忠诚”也不比“不忠”更好。
When no morals are genuine, and there's no overarching purpose to life, no divine judge to obey, and no ultimate concern, then everything is permitted, and nothing we do is better or worse than anything else.
当没有真正的道德，没有生命的总体目的，没有神圣的法官要服从，也没有终极关怀时，一切都是允许的，我们所做的任何事情都不会比其他任何事情更好或更坏。
When there's nothing left to live for, anything goes. But a lack of objective meaning doesn't have to result in despair.
当没有什么值得活下去的时候，什么都可能发生。但缺乏客观意义并不一定会导致绝望。
Philosopher Albert Camus embraced meaninglessness and believed we could live happy, fulfilling lives despite it.
哲学家阿尔伯特·加缪拥抱无意义，并相信尽管如此，我们仍然可以过上幸福、充实的生活。
Friedrich Nietzsche saw it as an invitation to create our own meaning. We'll briefly explore both ideas in the following part of the video.
弗里德里希·尼采认为这是邀请我们创造自己的意义。我们将在视频的下一部分简要探讨这两个想法。
Does meaning always have to come top-down? Does it always have to be all-encompassing, like it's a divine purpose, a task for everyone?
意义是否总是自上而下？它是否总是包罗万象，就像它是一个神圣的目的，一个每个人的任务？
Or could a more personal, individual meaning be created by oneself or evoked by one's circumstances?
或者更个人化、个体化的意义可以由自己创造或由自己的环境唤起？
According to Nietzsche, we must ideally create our own meaning: an idea expressed in his work Thus Spoke Zarathustra,
根据尼采的说法，我们理想情况下必须创造自己的意义：这一思想表达在他的著作《查拉图斯特拉如是说》中，
which tells about a fictional prophet who teaches people the concept of the Overman (or Ubermensch).
该书讲述了一位虚构的先知向人们传授超人的概念。
The Ubermensch has overcome himself, creates himself, and doesn't abide by the rules of others as he invents his own.
超人战胜了自己，创造了自己，并且在发明自己的规则时不遵守他人的规则。
By doing so, he not only triumphs over nihilism by filling in the void that religion left us with;
通过这样做，他不仅通过填补宗教留给我们的空白战胜了虚无主义；
he also prevents himself from being brainwashed by movements that provide structures of meaning as a replacement for religious values, like Fascism, Neo-Nazism, or Nationalism.
他还防止自己被那些提供意义结构来取代宗教价值观的运动洗脑，比如法西斯主义、新纳粹主义或民族主义。
Nietzsche believed that we have to face nihilism one way or another before moving forward.
尼采认为，我们必须以某种方式面对虚无主义，然后才能继续前进。
I quote: Why has the advent of nihilism become necessary? Because the values we have had hitherto thus draw their final consequence; because nihilism represents the ultimate logical conclusion of our great values and ideals –
为什么虚无主义的出现是必要的？因为我们迄今为止所拥有的价值观最终都会产生结果；因为虚无主义代表了我们伟大价值观和理想的最终逻辑结论——
because we must experience nihilism before we can find out what value these "values" really had. – We require, at some time, new values. End quote.
因为我们必须经历虚无主义，才能发现这些“价值观”真正具有什么价值。——我们有时需要新的价值观。
Does the nothingness of life actually need to be solved? Isn't nothingness but one's reaction to this nothingness – this lack of meaning – what creates the suffering?
生命的虚无真的需要解决吗？虚无不正是人们对这种虚无——这种缺乏意义——的反应，造成了痛苦吗？
Why does life need a purpose in the first place? Isn't life worth living, pointless as it is?
生命为什么首先需要目的？生命如此无意义，难道不值得活下去吗？
Why can't we just take the burden of meaning off our shoulders and stop asking all those existential questions: the universe will never provide us with answers anyway.
为什么我们不能放下肩上的意义重担，不再问那些存在的问题：宇宙无论如何都不会给我们答案。
As mentioned before, during the many ages that humans have walked the earth, countless forms of supposed objective meaning, numerous creation myths, and detailed descriptions of our purpose on Earth have seen the light of day.
如前所述，在人类行走于地球上的许多时代，无数种所谓的客观意义、无数的创世神话和我们在地球上的目的的详细描述都已面世。
According to Albert Camus, they lack proof. Their value and significance require faith. So, you're lost in life. But what does it mean then to be found?
根据阿尔伯特·加缪的说法，它们缺乏证据。它们的价值和意义需要信仰。所以，你在生活中迷失了方向。但找到它意味着什么呢？
Most of the time, if not always, not being lost in life means nothing more than abiding by one of the many variations of how life should be.
大多数时候，如果不是总是这样，生活中不迷失无非意味着遵守生活应该如何的众多变化之一。
Like Kierkegaard, we could give in to faith, adopt certain existentially satisfying beliefs as truth, and be done with it.
像克尔凯郭尔一样，我们可以屈服于信仰，接受某些存在主义上令人满意的信仰作为真理，然后就完事了。
We dive into the warm, comfortable bath of a system that thinks for us and gives us all the answers we're looking for, although the validity of these answers remains questionable.
我们沉浸在一个温暖舒适的系统中，这个系统为我们思考，给我们所有我们正在寻找的答案，尽管这些答案的有效性仍然值得怀疑。
Such a system doesn't have to be a religion per se; it could also be political ideologies based on very dubious convictions.
这样的系统不一定是宗教本身；它也可能是基于非常可疑的信念的政治意识形态。
But if we rely on such systems to answer our existential questions, we deny our critical thinking capacity. According to Albert Camus, we commit philosophical suicide.
但是，如果我们依赖这样的系统来回答我们的存在问题，我们就否定了我们的批判性思维能力。根据阿尔伯特·加缪的说法，我们犯了哲学自杀。
Philosophical suicide, along with physical suicide, Camus saw as a way to escape the inconsistency between the human desire for objective meaning and the apparent lack thereof. He called this inconsistency The Absurd.
加缪认为，哲学自杀和肉体自杀是逃避人类对客观意义的渴望与表面上缺乏客观意义之间的矛盾的一种方式。他称这种矛盾为荒诞。
Even though Camus saw the universe as meaningless, a basis for nihilism, he wasn't a nihilist.
尽管加缪认为宇宙毫无意义，是虚无主义的基础，但他并不是虚无主义者。
Instead, he presented a solution to deal with The Absurd: to accept it and revolt against it. For Camus, the meaninglessness of life is not a reason to despair but to live.
相反，他提出了一种应对荒诞的解决方案：接受它并反抗它。对加缪来说，生命的无意义不是绝望的理由，而是生存的理由。
He aimed to maximize the quantity and variety of life experiences in the face of an indifferent universe.
面对冷漠的宇宙，他的目标是最大限度地增加生活体验的数量和多样性。
The Absurd individual lives life to the fullest, knowing full well that it ultimately doesn't amount to anything. For Camus, being lost in life means freedom.
荒诞的人会尽情享受生活，他们很清楚自己的生活最终一无所获。对加缪来说，迷失在生活中意味着自由。
There's no fixed direction. There's no one in charge, no Afterlife, no day of judgment, and, most importantly, no purpose.
没有固定的方向。没有人掌管，没有来世，没有审判日，最重要的是，没有目的。
There's only the present and your decision of what to make of it. Now, is that a reason for despair or joy? Thank you for watching.
只有现在和你如何对待它的决定。现在，这是绝望还是快乐的原因？感谢您的观看。
