评论
打印
In the novel The Stranger by absurdist philosopher Albert Camus, the main character Meursault finds himself, in a way, apart from the world around him.
在荒诞派哲学家阿尔贝·加缪的小说《局外人》中，主人公默尔索在某种程度上与周围的世界格格不入。
He's not following conventions, doesn't really mingle with his environment, and has a unique way of responding to events.
他不遵循惯例，不与周围环境真正融合，对事件的反应方式也很独特。
For example, when his mother dies, his indifference leads those around him to perceive him as heartless, even possibly a psychopath.
例如，当他的母亲去世时，他的冷漠导致周围人认为他冷酷无情，甚至可能是个精神病患者。
And after shooting and killing a thug who attacks him, he displays no remorse.
在射杀袭击他的暴徒后，他没有表现出任何悔意。
But later on in the story, we learn that Meursault isn't a person with bad intentions who purposefully does evil deeds.
但在故事的后面，我们了解到默尔索并不是一个心怀恶意、故意做坏事的人。
He's just different, the odd one out, as he's detached from accepted conduct.
他只是与众不同，是个异类，因为他与公认的行为脱节。
Although often different from Meursault, many experience estrangement from the world. These people have drifted away from others. They became disentangled.
虽然与默尔索常常不同，但许多人都经历了与世界的疏离。这些人与他人渐行渐远。他们变得与世隔绝。
This estrangement could have a particular cause, such as a bad experience with people.
这种疏远可能有特定的原因，例如与人相处的不愉快经历。
Or maybe, like Meursault, one's personality doesn't quite jive with the rest, making one socially incompatible to a certain extent.
或者，就像默尔索一样，一个人的性格与其他人不太合拍，在某种程度上使一个人在社交上不合群。
Whatever the reason, this (often) self-imposed seclusion isn't always without dangers.
无论出于何种原因，这种自我强加的隐居并不总是没有危险的。
As a lover of solitude, I think it's useful to look at the dark sides behind turning our backs on society.
作为一个喜欢独处的人，我认为看看背弃社会背后的阴暗面是有用的。
This video explores why we drift away from people, the resulting loneliness and estrangement, and the associated dangers.
该视频探讨了我们为什么会疏远他人，由此产生的孤独和疏远，以及相关的危险。
If you want to help keep us going, support us on Patreon. You'll get access to all Einzelganger videos ad-free.
如果你想帮助我们继续前进，请在Patreon上支持我们。你将可以无广告观看所有Einzelganger视频。
Drifting away from people can happen slowly and gradually but also quite quickly.
疏远他人可能会缓慢而逐渐地发生，但也可能很快发生。
We find ourselves communicating less with people, whether it's our family or friends.
我们发现自己与他人的交流越来越少，无论是我们的家人还是朋友。
Maybe the connection is gone, conversations feel empty, and interests have shifted.
也许联系消失了，对话变得空洞，兴趣也发生了变化。
Or perhaps we're always too tired or never have time to meet, as our busy schedules hardly allow us to have a social life.
或者我们总是太累，或者从来没有时间见面，因为我们繁忙的日程安排几乎不允许我们拥有社交生活。
But it could also be that, like Meursault, we have trouble resonating with the conventional, you know, the white picket fence, the 2.3 kids, the 9-5, watching sports on the weekends, or asking people "How are you!"
但也可能是，像默尔索一样，我们很难与传统的白色栅栏、两三个孩子、朝九晚五的生活、周末看体育比赛或问别人“你好吗！”产生共鸣。
Without actually being interested in the answer. We lose interest in engaging with other people for many reasons.
而实际上对答案并不感兴趣。我们因多种原因而失去与他人交往的兴趣。
In a positive sense, we might deeply enjoy solitude; for example, it allows us to find wisdom and experience personal growth we usually don't find in the company of others.
从积极的意义上讲，我们可能非常享受独处；例如，它让我们找到智慧并体验个人成长，而这些通常是在与他人相处时找不到的。
In a negative sense, we seek solitude out of hate or fear. We just don't like being around people.
从消极的意义上讲，我们出于仇恨或恐惧而寻求独处。我们只是不喜欢与人相处。
Maybe it's because of how they judge us, the sense of being under the scrutinizing gaze whenever in the presence of others.
也许是因为他们如何评判我们，每当在别人面前时，都会有一种被审视的目光所笼罩的感觉。
Existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre stated that "Hell is other people" as we begin to see ourselves through their eyes in their presence.
存在主义哲学家让-保罗·萨特说，“他人即地狱”，因为我们开始在他人面前通过他人的眼睛看待自己。
Whether we like it or not, in most cases, the presence of other people changes our experience of ourselves and the world.
无论我们喜欢与否，在大多数情况下，他人的存在都会改变我们对自己和世界的体验。
For example, we may be home alone, enjoying whatever we're doing, but when someone enters, there's suddenly a different game going on.
例如，我们可能独自在家，享受我们正在做的事情，但当有人进来时，突然之间就会出现不同的游戏。
Most likely, there's a shift in our behavior; we put on a mask, even if it's just a subtle one.
最有可能的是，我们的行为发生了变化；我们戴上面具，即使只是一副微妙的面具。
We do this because we consider what other people think about us and may not even be conscious we're doing it.
我们这样做是因为我们考虑别人对我们的看法，甚至可能没有意识到我们正在这样做。
Pessimist philosopher Schopenhauer mentioned that we can only be truly ourselves when alone.
悲观主义哲学家叔本华提到，我们只有在独处时才能真正做自己。
In a way, that's what Sartre also implies: when alone, we are free from other people's influence, free to be ourselves.
在某种程度上，这也是萨特所暗示的：独处时，我们不受他人的影响，可以自由地做自己。
That's why solitude feels so liberating, as we're away from other people's gaze.
这就是为什么孤独让人感觉如此自由，因为我们远离了别人的目光。
Another reason we drift away could be disappointment in the world around us.
我们疏远他人的另一个原因可能是对周围世界的失望。
We may be disappointed in our direct environment and how family and friends treat us (or treat each other, for that matter).
我们可能对周围的环境以及家人和朋友对待我们的方式感到失望。
We could have been victims of an unfortunate string of bad relationships, which led us to the conclusion that people, generally, are a bunch of toxic bastards, better to be avoided.
我们可能成为一系列不幸的不良关系的受害者，这让我们得出这样的结论：人们通常都是一群有毒的混蛋，最好避免接触。
Just look at any 'lone wolf' type of villain, and we'll find traces of abuse by others in their past, turning them into these secluded misanthropes.
只要看看任何“独狼”类型的恶棍，我们就会发现他们过去被他人虐待的痕迹，使他们变成了这些与世隔绝的厌世者。
However, the disappointment that causes people to drift away could also direct itself toward a broader scope, which is quite common nowadays.
然而，导致人们疏远的失望也可能指向更广泛的范围，这在当今相当普遍。
For example, take people's discontent with specific political policies. They feel overlooked, marginalized, or mistreated.
例如，人们对某个政治政策不满。他们感到被忽视、被边缘化或受到虐待。
Due to the copious amounts of negative news, people often develop the distorted view that the world is entirely doom and gloom and that the best way to defend oneself against this is by stacking two hundred cans of tuna and living in a bunker.
由于大量负面新闻，人们常常形成一种扭曲的观点，认为世界完全是厄运和悲观的，而保护自己免受这种影响的最好方法是堆放两百罐金枪鱼罐头并住在掩体里。
Others may experience such disgust by our very species that they wish to distance themselves from humanity.
其他人可能会对我们这个物种感到厌恶，以至于他们希望与人类保持距离。
This dissatisfaction with the current state of affairs, the pervasive Weltschmerz looming over our existence like a dark cloud, may drive people to withdraw and observe the perceived collapse from a distance, in solitude.
对当前事态的不满，世界上无处不在的痛苦像乌云一样笼罩着我们，可能会迫使人们从远处、孤独地观察这种感知到的崩溃。
Some experience drifting away from people as a blessing, while others suffer in isolation. Some grow exponentially in solitude, others hide and self-destruct.
有些人觉得远离人群是一种福气，而有些人则在孤独中受苦。有些人在孤独中成长，有些人则躲藏起来并自我毁灭。
So, as we drift away from people, are we floating toward heaven or hell? Drifting away from people isn't all bad, though.
那么，当我们远离人群时，我们是飘向天堂还是飘向地狱？然而，远离人群并不全是坏事。
For some, the disentanglement from the herd, so to speak, is a blessing. Consider the freedom from conventions and the peace of mind that comes with not dealing with others.
对于有些人来说，脱离人群是一种福气。想想摆脱习俗的自由和不与他人打交道所带来的内心的平静。
Is there anything better than sitting alone by the river with a fishing rod, somewhere in nature, far away from the hustle and bustle of society?
有什么比独自坐在河边，拿着钓鱼竿，在大自然中，远离社会的喧嚣更好的呢？
Think of the Taoist sage, becoming one with the Tao, residing in a blissful solitude. Or how about the mountain hermits of China?
想想道教圣人，与道合一，生活在幸福的孤独中。或者中国的山中隐士呢？
They estrange themselves from the general public to seek things like self-cultivation, harmony with nature, and spiritual enlightenment.
他们远离大众，寻求自我修养、与自然和谐相处和精神启蒙等事物。
Solitude isn't inherently harmful; it's how we use it that matters. Estrangement and loneliness can be just as hellish as being around people.
孤独本身并不有害；重要的是我们如何利用它。疏远和孤独可能和与人相处一样可怕。
In our solitude, we may be free from the judgmental gaze of others; we are now alone with our thoughts.
在独处时，我们可能不受他人评判的目光影响；我们现在独自思考。
And the quality of our thoughts decides our experience in that solitude rather than the circumstances.
而我们思考的质量决定了我们在独处中的体验，而不是环境。
