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Do you, Lindsay， When you take a hike, do you like a sharp incline or do you prefer it to be gradual? Well, I know in the west we have switchbacks. In the east we do not have switchbacks.
你呢，林赛，当你徒步旅行时，你喜欢陡峭的斜坡还是更喜欢逐渐攀升的缓坡？嗯，我知道在西方我们有盘山公路。在东方没有盘山公路。
You go straight up the mountain, they don't exist, and so that is sometimes kind of steep hiking and so yeah, I can see the trade offs. Switchbacks can be kind of painful.
你得径直往山上走，没有盘山公路，所以这有时是在陡峭的路上徒步旅行，所以可以衡量一下。之字形路线可能会有点痛苦。
I think it takes longer than it needs to, do you feel that way about western hiking? In fact sometimes there's both options.
我觉得这比实际需要的时间要长，你对西方徒步旅行也有这种感觉吗？实际上，有时两种都有。
Right here in the Tetons there's a hike table Rock where you're going to the top of the Grand Teton and you can either go up the face.
就在提顿山脉这里，有一个徒步旅行的地方，叫做桌岩，你可以登上大提顿山的山顶，你可以从正面上去。
There is a very steep incline or you can take, I think it's called strawberry or something like that where it's like switchbacks all the way up and it takes like 4 hours longer, but it is a lot more gradual.
有一个非常陡峭的斜坡，或者你可以走，我想它叫草莓什么的，那里一路上都是之字形，要多花4个小时，但坡度要平缓得多。
I know. Sometimes it's like how do I choose which one do I want? I don't know. Maybe it depends on how my knees feel? Yeah, but let's go into inclination too. This is a totally different word.
我知道。有时候这就像我该如何选择我想要的那个？我不知道。也许这取决于我的膝盖感觉如何。是的，但我们也来谈谈inclination吧。这是一个完全不同的词。
It means the tendency to act a certain way or feel a certain way.
它意味着以某种方式在行动或感觉上的倾向。
We also use the words disposition, more propensity, right?
我们也使用“disposition”这个词，更倾向于，对吧？
It's an example sentence, so for example, I have no inclination to work today, that means I have no move inside I'm not moving in that direction, emotionally or physically or in anyway. exactly, we might say desire instead.
这是一个例句，比如，我今天不想工作，意思是我内心没有动力，我没有朝那个方向前进，无论是情感上、身体上还是其他方面。确切地说，我们可以用“希望”来代替。
But yeah, like I just don't want to act or feel, feel like doing something. Okay, so that's fascinating.
但是，是的，就像我只是不想做或感觉，感觉不想做某事。好吧，很有趣。
So again, it's not that you can't do it, it's just that will completely change the meaning and it won't make any sense if you use inclination when you're talking about going up a mountain, okay. And there are a few other examples.
所以，再说一次，不是你不能这么做，只是这会完全改变意思，如果你在谈论上山时使用inclination，那就没有任何意义了，好的。还有其他一些例子。
One is conviction and convict or convict. This is especially tricky, so convict is a verb that means to declare someone guilty of a crime, but spelled the same way, It's also a noun with the emphasis on the first syllable convict, which is a person found guilty of a crime.
一个是“onviction”和“convict”或“convict”。这尤其棘手，因为“convict”是一个动词，意思是宣布某人有罪，但拼写方式相同,它也是一个名词，重音在第一个音节convict上，指的是被判有罪的人。
Wow, tricky, that's really tricky and that could actually be another episode.
哇，难搞，这真的很棘手，这实际上可以再出另一集。
We could do another day words like that, then there's a few of them, maybe we've talked a lot of them with the syllable emphasis changing. It's a different word entirely.
我们可以再做一期这样的单词，然后有几个这样的单词，也许我们已经讲了很多这样的单词，重音在音节上发生了变化，但完全是一个不同的单词。
Yeah, another episode for another day， and then conviction is a formal declaration that someone is guilty of a crime, right? So what was their conviction?
是的，改天再聊另一集，然后conviction是正式宣布某人有罪，对吧？那么他们的定罪是什么？
Okay, yes, and it has a second meaning of a firmly held belief or opinion, right?
好的，是的，它还有第二个意思，即坚定自己持有的信念或观点，对吗？
We'll say I've always had a firm conviction that everyone deserves justice. Love it. Yes, and we know that about you. I agree. You've shared that before . That's true for me, I know. A lot of these example sentences are like.
我们会说，我一直坚信每个人都应该得到正义。我喜欢。是的，我们知道你的这一点。我同意。你之前已经分享过了。是的，是真的，我知道。很多这些例句都是这样的。
I might agree with this or not this one I agree with, she agrees, I love it so good. Yeah, all right.
我可能同意这个，也可能不同意这个。她同意，我太喜欢了。是的。
Okay, we are back and let's do a role play to see how this really comes to life.
好的，我们回来了，让我们来进行一个角色扮演，看看这是如何使用的。
I think this will be the key learning piece for listeners today, Audrey. Absolutely.
我认为这将是今天听众的关键学习内容，奥黛丽。 好的。
All right, so you and I are at the beach for this role play. Let's see, wouldn't that be nice? Oh it would be. I could use some beach time. I know. Gotta love beach time. Here we go. so this is quite the incline.
好的，那么你和我在海滩上进行这个角色扮演。让我们看看，那不好吗？哦，那很好。我可以享受一些海滩时间。我知道。一定喜欢海滩时间。我们走吧。所以这是一个相当大的斜坡。
It's hard to pull the wagon in the sand. I need to have a conversation with my kids about staying close. Yeah, their inclination is to wander pretty far.
在沙滩上拉马车很困难。我需要和我的孩子们谈谈要待在一起。是的，他们倾向于走得很远点。
Yeah, gigi's hunting seashells. She's absolutely electrified every time she sees one. That's awesome. This is kind of a fun way to use it. Well, we'll get to it.
是的，吉吉捡贝壳。她每次看到都会非常兴奋。太棒了。这是一种有趣的使用方式。好，我们知道了。
Let's go through the whole thing I'll share because I like using electrified this way too for just one person being excited. Good.
我们来回顾一下我要分享的整个内容，因为我也喜欢用这种方式来使用electrified，描述让一个人兴奋。很好。
I feel like I have a takeaway for today to start using this word. Yes, good. And so I said first, this is quite the incline. It's hard to pull the wagon in the sand.
我觉得我今天有个收获，就是开始使用这个词。是的，很好。所以我说，首先，这是一个相当大的坡。在沙子里拉马车是很困难的。
So, it sounds like maybe we're walking up a sand dune like the sand dunes they have in Cape Todd.
所以，听起来也许我们正在爬上一个沙丘，就像他们在托德角的沙丘一样。
Mm hmm, which is the worst trying to pull a wagon in steep sand, especially if it's deep sand. Oh no, thank you, it's an arm workout.
嗯，最糟糕的是在陡峭的沙子上拉马车，尤其是如果是深沙的话。哦，不，谢谢，这是一次手臂锻炼。
Yes, it is for sure, and then you said I need to have a conversation with my kids about staying close. So this is interesting because that verb converse.
是的，这是肯定的，然后你说我需要和我的孩子们谈谈挨在一起。所以这很有趣，因为那个动词是converse。
We talk about conversing together, having an interesting conversation, but we wouldn't use it here.
我们谈论一起交谈，进行有趣的对话，但我们不会在这里使用它。
When I'm talking with my kids I'm talking more about lecturing them about what they want to do, but we do use it.
当我和我的孩子交谈时，我更多的是在谈论他们想做什么，但我们确实会使用它。
We'll say I need to have a conversation with my kids about this and it's interesting how it's sort of a different meaning. I thought about this as I wrote the roleplay.
我们会说我需要和我的孩子们谈谈这个，这很有趣，它的意思有点不同。我在写角色扮演的时候想到了这一点。
We're not having a conversation about some deep topic.
我们不是在谈论一些深刻的话题。
I'm actually using this word to mean like lecturing them.
我实际上是用这个词来表示像教训他们一样。
That's true, that's true, and it's also important to know that conversation is so much more common.
这是真的，这是真的，很重要，这很普遍。
Converse, to converse wouldn't really feel right here, and in many other scenarios it's a much less use. Yeah, I think it's more formal, less common.
相反，在这里用“converse”这个词会感觉不太合适，在很多其他情况下，它的使用也少得多。是的，我认为它更正式，也不那么常见。
Yeah, maybe it's more about an exchange, back and forth, less common for sure, right? Exactly right.
是的，也许更多的是一种交流，来回的，肯定不常见，对吧？完全正确。
I feel like you'll hear it when talking about politics or on the news, right? They were conversing about some serious topic.
我觉得你在谈论政治或新闻时会听到它，对吧？他们正在谈论一些严肃的话题。
Yet in casual conversations with friends, we would just say talk or speak, love it, have a conversation.
然而在与朋友的随意交谈中，我们只会说talk或speak，我喜欢，还有have a conversation。
Yeah, and now let's go to inclination, so yeah, their inclination is to wander pretty far, so meaning they tend to do this. They tend to want to do this. They lean in that direction. They usually will go far.
是的，现在让我们谈谈inclination，所以是的，他们更倾向于走得远点，这意味着他们倾向于这样做。他们倾向于想要这样做。他们倾向于那个方向。他们通常会走得很远。
Totally different from the physical incline, dragging something a wagon up the sand dunes right?
完全不同于物理上的倾斜，把东西拖上沙丘，对吧？
Yeah, you might have felt like this is a little, this feels a little formal for this conversation at the beach because this word also is a little less common, a little more formal.
是的，你可能会觉得这个词在海滩上的对话中有点，这个词感觉有点正式，因为这个词也有点不常见，有点更正式。
We would probably just say they tend to wander or they have a tendency to wander inclination is a little sort of up level. It's a little, but I don't think it's so far. Y
我们可能会说，他们倾向于再走走，或者说他们有再走走的倾向。是有点正式，但我觉得还没到那种程度。
ou know, in another ball field，I think I would say this. My dog has an inclination to want to play or to play more often than most dogs. I don't think it's totally....
你知道，在其他场合，我想我会这么说。我的狗有一种倾向，它比大多数狗都更想玩或更经常玩。我不认为这是完全......
We do sometimes yeah, for sure,for sure we say like that's my inclination. Yeah, interesting. And then what did you say, Audrey?
我们有时候会这样做，当然，当然.我们会说这是我的倾向。是的，很有趣。然后你说了什么，奥黛丽？
She's absolutely electrified every time she sees one, so this is a little bit hyperbolic, a little bit exaggerating right? and I use this this way. Sometimes too.
她每次看到都会非常兴奋，所以这有点夸张，有点夸大其词，对吧？我也是这样用的。有时候也是。
I'm like instead of saying she's super excited, I'll say like she's absolutely electrified. I'm just exaggerating how excited she is.
我想说的是，与其说她超级兴奋，不如说她简直兴奋得像是触电了。我只是在夸大她有多兴奋。
Well, it's fun to be able to describe something in that kind of vivid detail. Paint a picture.
嗯，能够以那种生动的细节来描述某件事是很有趣的。描绘一种画面。
It's very common to be hyperbolic in American English.
在美国英语中，夸张是很常见的。
We've talked about this on the podcast maybe less so in British English or other forms of English.
我们在播客中已经讨论过这个问题，也许在英式英语或其他形式的英语中讨论得较少。
I mean, you know if you're in the US and you want to speak in this way, just saying big things, then do it. Yes, and it's appropriate.
我的意思是，你知道的，如果你在美国，你想用这种方式说话，只是说大话，那么就去做吧。是的，这是合适的。
She is super excited about finding seashells , so this is appropriate.
她对找到贝壳感到超级兴奋，所以这是合适的。
Yes, I'm exaggerating, but if you just mean they kind of like something kind of excited, this is pretty extreme to say they're electrified.
是的，我是在夸张，但如果你只是想说他们有点喜欢有点兴奋，说他们被电到了就太极端了。
So we would only use this if someone's super excited. Right, for sure, for sure. What's your takeaway for today? and my takeaway is to start using a new word. what's yours? I love that right.
所以我们只会在某人超级兴奋的时候使用这个。对，肯定的，肯定的。你今天的收获是什么？我的收获是开始使用一个新词。你的呢？我喜欢。
Start using electrified, Lindsay and mine is I feel like we just can't always trust patterns in English. Right?
开始用electrified这个词吧，林赛。我的是，我觉得我们不能总是相信英语中的模版。对吗？
A suffix like -ion can't be added to every verb and you can't remove it from every noun and expect that to be the correct verb.
像-ion这样的后缀不能添加到每个动词上，你也不能从每个名词中删除它，就觉得它是正确的动词。
So we want to share that the best way to learn words with suffixes is not to memorize rules and memorize lists, but to take in a lot of English. Listen to podcasts, listen to TV shows.
所以我们想分享的是，学习后缀单词的最佳方法不是记住规则和记住列表，而是吸收大量的英语。听播客，看电视节目。
You're going to hear so many words with suffixes used correctly, and that's how you build those patterns and just know which is correct. Yeah, and I think it's okay to look for patterns. I think it's normal as human beings like.
你会听到很多后缀使用正确的单词，这就是你积累的方式，并且知道哪个是正确的。是的，我认为找模版是可以的。我认为这对人类来说是正常的。
I said when I learned Arabic I said I was desperately searching for patterns desperately, in real time before she was gonna quiz me 5 minutes later kind of panicking.
我说过，当我学习阿拉伯语时，我会拼命地找模版，拼命地找，因为她五分钟后就要考我了，我有点惊慌失措。
The brain wants to find patterns, that's okay, don't fight against that. For sure.
大脑想要模版，这没关系，不要与之对抗。当然。
Look for the patterns and then also expect the rules which prove the pattern. What is that expression? The exception proves the rule sometimes right? Exactly. Yeah, it's going to happen.
寻找模式，然后也期待证明模式的规则。那句话怎么说来着？例外证明规则有时是正确的，对吧？没错。是的，它会发生。
You're going to find exceptions, so just don't stress about it. Right.
你会发现一些例外情况，所以不要为此感到压力。对。
Connection not perfection. like you're going to worry whether you make mistakes or not. We hear students make these mistakes all the time.
就像你担心是否会犯错一样。我们一直听到学生犯这些错误。
Nobody cares, we understand what you are saying and that's the most important thing.
没人在意，我们理解你在说什么，这才是最重要的。
Connection is always the most important thing here in all earth's English. I love it, Aubrey. Well, I'll see you in the next episode.
建立联系连接在地球上所有的英语中始终是最重要的事情。我喜欢，奥黛丽。好吧，下一集见。
Thanks for bringing this great topic today to the show. Awesome! See you next time. All right. Have a good one. Bye you too. Bye, see you next time.
感谢你今天把这个很棒的话题带到节目中。太棒了！下次见。好的。祝你有个美好的一天。你也是。再见，下次见。
