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The king met with his rebellious barons on the 15th of june 1215, Runnymede 20 miles west to london.
1215年6月15日，国王在伦敦以西20英里处的伦尼米德与叛乱的男爵相遇。
Attempting to mediate between the two was Stephen Langton, the archbishop of canterbury.
试图在两者之间调停的是坎特伯雷大主教斯蒂芬·兰顿。
The negotiations went beyond the individual demands of the nobles and raised questions about the way kingdoms were governed.
谈判超越了贵族的个人要求，提出了关于王国治理方式的问题。
Up to now, no real checks on the absolute power of kings to do whatever they wanted existed either in England or most anywhere in Europe.
到目前为止，无论是在英格兰还是欧洲大多数地方，都没有真正的制衡国王为所欲为的绝对权力。
While English kings swore an oath at their coronation to rule in accordance with the laws and customs that already existed in the kingdom.
而英国国王在加冕典礼上宣誓要按照王国已有的法律和习俗来统治。
There was no legal recourse if a king simply chose not to do so.
如果国王只是选择不这样做，也没有法律追索权。
It was a fatal flaw when a bad king like king John came along, put the entire system at risk of collapse.
当像约翰王这样的糟糕的国王出现时，这是一个致命的缺陷，使整个系统面临崩溃。
In an attempt to rectify this, what the nobles wanted was a guarantee of their rights and liberties under the law.
为了纠正这一点，贵族们想要的是根据法律保障他们的权利和自由。
They wanted the rights of the church to be respected by the king, protection from illegal imprisonment and a fair justice system that they could appeal to.
他们希望国王尊重教会的权利，保护他们免受非法监禁，并建立一个他们可以上诉的公平司法制度。
What they especially wanted was the establishments of limits on the king's ability to tax his subjects without their consent.
他们特别想要的是限制国王在没有得到他们同意的情况下向他的臣民征税的能力。
The two sides agreed to the Great Charter or Magna Carta in Latin on the 19th of June.
双方于6月19日以拉丁文签署了《大宪章》。
The charter called for the creation of a body of 25 nobles who were empowered to coerce John into complying with the terms of the charter.
宪章要求建立一个由25名贵族组成的机构，他们有权迫使约翰王遵守宪章的条款。
They would ensure that the king ruled not according to his own personal whims , but according to the law of the land.
他们将确保国王不是根据个人的想法来统治，而是按照国家的法律来统治。
Most historians consider the creation of this legislative body to be the first English parliament.
大多数历史学家认为这个立法机构的建立是英国第一个议会。
Neither side really believed that the peace agreement would hold for long.
双方都不相信和平协议会持续很久。
This was proved out when it defined John appealed to his one-time adversary Pope Innocent for help.
这一点得到了证明，因为宪章定义了约翰可以向他曾经的对手教皇英诺威寻求帮助。
As part of John's peace agreement with the Pope, he agreed to make England a papal vassal state.
作为约翰与教皇和平协议的一部分，他同意让英格兰成为教皇的附庸国家。
And Innocent believed that the Magna Carta curtailed his own rights as a feudal lord.
教皇英诺威认为《大宪章》限制了约翰王作为封建领主的权利。
So he declared the charter to be null and void.
因此，他宣布宪章无效。
It became clear to the barons that if they wanted their rights guaranteed by law they'd first have to earn them on the battlefield.
男爵们清楚地意识到，如果他们希望自己的权利得到法律的保障，他们首先必须在战场上赢得这些权利。
