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In 1214, king John must have been feeling pretty confident.
在1214年，约翰国王一定感到非常自信。
He was on campaign in France at the head of an army that had captured much of Anjou and was still making moves towards the French capital Paris.
他率领军队在法国作战，占领了安茹的大部分地区，并继续向法国首都巴黎进军。
After several failed attempts in the previous 10 years, it seemed that he was on the verge of gaining back his lost territory.
在过去10年中几次失败的尝试之后，他似乎即将夺回失去的领土。
And then disaster struck.
然后灾难降临了。
John's campaign hinged on an alliance with the other major player in European politics at the time, Otto IV, the holy Roman emperor.
约翰征战，与当时欧洲政治的另一个主要参与者，神圣罗马帝国皇帝奥托四世结盟。
Otto had invaded France from the north while John was in the south, planning to trap king Philip and his son Louie in a pincer movement.
当约翰在南部时，奥托从北部入侵法国，计划用夹击的方式困住菲利普国王和他的儿子路易。
Philip and Otto met each other at the Bridge Bouvines, not far from the city of Lille on the modern day French belgium border.
菲利普和奥托在布文桥相遇，距离里尔市不远，里尔市位于今天的法国比利时边境。
It was a fierce battle for by heavily armored soldiers hacking each other with swords, maces and axes, typical for the high middle ages.
这是一场激烈的战斗，全副武装的士兵用剑、钉头槌和斧头相互攻击，这是中世纪晚期的典型打法。
After hours of fighting, the critical moment came when the French king and the German emperor clashed in the center of the field with their retinues, with both men nearly being killed and having horses killed from underneath them.
经过数小时的战斗，关键时刻到来了，法国国王和德意志皇帝在战场中心与他们的随从发生了冲突，两人都差点被杀，他们脚下的马也被杀了。
After nearly being captured by the French knights, Otto was forced to flee the battlefield.
在险些被法国骑士俘虏后，奥托被迫逃离战场。
His deputies, the counts of Flanders and Bologna were not so lucky and were taken prisoner.
他的副手，弗兰德斯和博洛尼亚伯爵就没那么幸运了，他们被俘虏了。
The imperial army had been decisively defeated.
帝国军队已被决然击败。
The loss at Bouvoin spelled the end of John's ambitions in France, left without allies.
布沃因的失利使约翰在法国的野心宣告结束，失去了盟友。
He was forced to sue for peace and once again dejectedly returned to England empty-handed.
他被迫求和，再一次垂头丧气地空手而归。
By now, things were really reaching a breaking point, the nobles of England were on the precipice of rebellion.
到现在，事情真的到了崩溃的地步，英格兰的贵族们正处于叛变的边缘。
The discontent between John and his subjects had been building for years.
约翰和他的臣民之间的不满已经积累了多年。
John's oppressive taxes were making life difficult for more and more people commoner and noble alike.
约翰沉重的税负使越来越多的平民和贵族的生活变得困难。
The fact was that all of this money was being squandered on campaigns against the French king that failed to accomplish anything, just made things worse.
事实是，所有这些钱都被浪费在反对法国国王的运动上，这些运动没有取得任何成就，只会让事情变得更糟。
There were also serious questions being raised about John's behavior.
约翰王的行为也引发了严重的质疑。
While it was expected for wealthy men at the time to keep mistresses.
而在当时，人们认为富人应该包养情妇。
It was considered unacceptable for those mistresses to include married noble women.
那些情妇包括已婚贵族妇女被认为是不可接受的。
Something John is known to have done several times.
约翰王已经做过几次了。
For that matter, his wife Isabella of Angouleme might have been as young as nine years old.
他的妻子安古莱姆的伊莎贝拉可能只有九岁。
When she was married to the king in 1199 and had already been betrothed to another nobleman Hugh of Lucinor, neither of which apparently bothered John that much.
1199年，她嫁给了国王，但其实她早与卢西诺的另一位贵族休订婚，显然这两件事都没有给约翰王带来太大的困扰。
He treated most of his nobles with outright contempt, preferring the company of his toadies.
他对他的大多数贵族都不屑一顾，更喜欢和他的马屁精作伴。
The new man that he entrusted to help him run the government, instead of the land in ability and in a move that had serious political and social consequences.
他委托新人帮助他管理政府，而非管理土地，这一举动产生了严重的政治和社会后果。
He had embarked on a dispute with Pope Innocent III that had ended with his excommunication in 1209.
他开始与教皇英诺威三世发生纠纷，这场纠纷以1209年他被逐出教会而告终。
The Pope also put the entirety of England under papal interdict which forbade the saying of mass inside any church in the country.
教皇还将整个英国置于教皇的禁令之下，禁止在国内任何教堂内说弥撒。
At a time when almost all of society revolved around the church, this was a serious blow.
在几乎所有社会都围绕着教会转的时候，这是一个严重的打击。
The two had reconciled in 1213.
两人于1213年和解。
But the experience still haunted the pious kingdom wide and served to turn the majority of England's clergy against the king.
但这一经历仍然困扰着这个虔诚的王国，并促使大多数英格兰神职人员反对国王。
With so many enemies and so few friends,rebellion was probably inevitable.
敌人这么多，朋友这么少，叛乱很可能是不可避免的。
It finally flared up in the aftermath of John's failed campaign in France in 1214.
1214年约翰在法国打了败仗之后，叛乱终于爆发了。
A great coalition of barons from the north of England banded together in April 1215 in the city of Northampton and at the head of a large body of men marched south capturing the city of London.
1215年4月，由英格兰北部贵族组成的大联盟在北安普顿集结，率领大批人马南下占领了伦敦城。
John's position was clearly untenable and in a last-ditch effort to save his crown he sued for peace.
约翰的地位显然是不稳的，为了保住他的王位，他作了最后的努力，他要求和解。
