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Once Henry Morgan was settled in the West Indies around the mid-1650s,
17世纪50年代中期，亨利·摩根在西印度群岛定居后，
he began his career as a privateer, although the exact details are a bit uncertain.
他的职业生涯始于一艘私掠船，尽管确切的细节有些不确定。
It's generally believed that he sailed under Christopher Myngs,
人们普遍认为他是在克里斯托弗·明斯手下航行的，
an English naval officer who assembled a large fleet of buccaneers and raided Spanish merchant ships.
他是一名英国海军军官，他集结了一支庞大的海盗舰队，袭击了西班牙商船。
Exquemelin mentions that Morgan and his comrades took part in three or four such voyages,
奎特梅林提到摩根和他的伙伴们参加了三到四次这样的航行，
before they raised enough money to buy their own ship.
在他们筹到足够的钱买自己的船之前。
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Around 1660, Henry Morgan who was still in his mid-20s was made captain of his first vessel,
1660年左右，25岁左右的亨利·摩根被任命为第一艘船的船长，
he proved to be a very good one,too.
他也被证明是一个非常好的人。
As he went marauding off the coast of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico and captured several prizes there,
当他在墨西哥湾的坎佩切海岸附近抢劫，并在那里捕获了几件战利品时，
his success brought him to the attention of Edward Mansvelt, a Dutch buccaneer,
他的成功引起了荷兰海盗爱德华·曼斯维尔特的注意，
who was one of the head honchos in the area and he was impressed with Morgan's skill.
他是这个地区的老板之一，他对摩根的技术印象深刻。
So he asked the young captain to join his fleet, even making him a vice admiral.
因此，他邀请这位年轻的船长加入他的舰队，甚至让他担任副海军上将。
At the height of his power, Mansvelt allegedly commanded 15 ships with 500 men.
据称，在他权力的巅峰时期，曼斯维尔特曾指挥过15艘舰船和500人。
In 1664, he used this force to capture an island named Santa Catalina from Spain.
1664年，他用这支军队从西班牙占领了一座名为圣卡塔琳娜的岛屿。
It's not very big but it had an easily fortified harbor and the Spanish had already built a fort there.
它不是很大，但有一个容易设防的港口西班牙人已经在那里建了一个堡垒。
Mansvelt intended to use it as a base of operations, as he waged war against Spain,
曼斯维尔特打算把它作为作战基地，他发动了对西班牙的战争，
but he did not get a chance, as he died in 1666, supposedly of a sudden illness.
但他并没有得到机会，1666年，他死于一场突发疾病。
The Spanish then retook Santa Catalina,
西班牙人随后夺回了圣卡塔琳娜
and many buccaneers went their own ways without Mansvelt's leadership,
许多海盗在没有曼斯维尔特的领导下我行我型，
even so hundreds of others still remained and sailed under Henry Morgan,
尽管如此，仍有数百艘船留在亨利·摩根手下，
the second in command, who was now in charge of his own fleet.
他是二把手，现在掌管着他自己的舰队。
His actions at the time were in illegal gray areas,
他当时的行为属于非法的灰色地带，
since technically the war between England and Spain had ended.
因为严格来说，英国和西班牙之间的战争已经结束了。
In 1660, when the House of Stewart was restored to the monarchy and Charles II became the new king of England, Scotland and Ireland,
1660年，当斯图尔特家族恢复君主制，查理二世成为英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的新国王时，
even so hostilities between the two maritime powers continued in the Caribbean
尽管如此，这两个海上强国在加勒比地区的敌对行动仍在继续
enabled by the fact that privateers and buccaneers could act without much oversight from the English Crown.
这是因为私掠船长和海盗可以不受英国王室的过多监督。
Henry was also helped by the fact that his uncle edward Morgan served as the deputy governor of Jamaica.
亨利的叔叔爱德华·摩根曾担任牙买加副总督，这对他也有帮助。
And by the fact that the governor Thomas Modyford already tried to curtail the activity of privateers, but almost immediately had to reverse course,
事实上，总督托马斯·莫迪福德已经试图限制私掠船的活动，但几乎马上就不得不改变航向，
because his island's economy just depended on them too much.
因为他的岛屿经济太依赖他们了。
Of course, Spain wasn't just gonna sit idly by and allow its ships to be constantly raided without retaliation.
当然，西班牙不会坐视其船只不断遭到袭击而不进行报复。
By 1667, governor Modyford had strong reasons to fear that the Spanish might invade Jamaica,
到了1667年，总督莫迪福德有充分的理由担心西班牙人会入侵牙买加，
so he decided that a pre-emptive strike would be in order.
所以他决定采取先发制人的打击。
He presented Henry Morgan with a letter of mark against Spain,
他给了亨利·摩根一封反对西班牙的信，
thus allowing him to attack in full force, even though they were not at war at the time.
这样他就可以发动全面进攻，尽管当时双方还没有交战。
Almost immediately Morgan exceeded his authority by raiding the town of Puerto Principa in Cuba today, known as Camaguey.
摩根几乎立刻越权袭击了古巴的普林西帕镇，也就是今天的卡马圭。
His letter of mark only allowed him to attack Spanish ships, but towns made for very alluring targets,
他的标记只允许他攻击西班牙的船只，但城镇成为了非常诱人的目标，
since they were often easier to plunder especially, if caught off guard.
因为它们通常更容易被掠夺尤其是在毫无防备的情况下。
This is the main reason why some scholars have dismissed the notion that Henry Morgan was a privateer,
这就是为什么一些学者否定了亨利·摩根是一艘私掠船长的观点，
and simply label him a pirate since he often acted outside of his remit.
只要给他贴上海盗的标签就行了，因为他经常越权行事。
Initially, the captain wanted to attack Havana believing that a surprise attack would allow them to arrive in the city, plunder it and leave,
起初，船长想进攻哈瓦那，他认为突袭可以让他们到达这座城市，洗劫一空，然后离开，
before the Spanish had time to reach their positions inside the fort.
在西班牙人到达堡垒内的阵地之前。
However, he was dissuaded from this course of action on the ground that Havana was too heavily fortified,
然而，他被劝说放弃这一行动，理由是哈瓦那戒备森严，
and even a large fleet, such as, his would sustain heavy casualties,
即使是像他这样的大舰队，也会遭受重大伤亡，
Instead, Morgan settled on Puerto Principe.
摩根最终选择了普林西比港。
As an excuse for his actions, he sent word to the governor that he found evidence of an invasion against Jamaica being organized there.
为了给自己的行为找借口，他给州长发了个信，说他发现了那里有组织入侵牙买加的证据。
In reality, at least according to ectomy, there was a man in Morgan's crew who suggested Puerto Principe claiming that there was money there,
事实上，至少根据拼凑的消息，摩根的手下有个人暗示说普林西比港有钱，
since Savannah merchants did a lot of business in that town and because it was some distance inland.
因为萨凡纳的商人在那个城镇有很多生意，而且那个城镇离内陆有些距离。
So there was no fear of raiders, so it wasn't heavily defended, even though it made for an easy target.
所以没有对袭击者的恐惧，所以它没有重兵把守，尽管它是一个容易攻击的目标。
The raid on Puerto Principe didn't go very well.
对普林西比港的突袭并不顺利。
First off, there was a Spanish prisoner aboard Morgan's ship who learned of their plan.
首先，摩根的船上有一个西班牙囚犯得知了他们的计划。
He managed to escape during the night and reached Puerto Principe in time to warn the locals
他设法在夜间逃跑，并及时到达普林西比港警告当地居民
who then sent most of their riches away, and then chopped down trees, and set up small ambushes on the road to slow down the raiding party.
然后他们把大部分的财富都送走了，然后砍倒了树，在路上设置了小埋伏，以减慢突袭队的速度。
Inevitably though the fighting started at which point the Spanish villagers proved to be no match for the battle hardened buccaneers.
尽管战争不可避免地开始了，但西班牙村民们被证明不是久经沙场的海盗们的对手。
The skirmishes lasted for about four hours, ending in a decisive victory for Morgan's crew who suffered only a few casualties.
小规模的战斗持续了大约四个小时，最终摩根的船员取得了决定性的胜利，但只遭受了少量的伤亡。
