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Henry Morgan's daring borderline reckless raids became the stuff of legend.
亨利·摩根大胆勇猛的突袭成为了传奇。
And he successfully plundered more than his fair share of booty in the West Indies and best of all he got away with it.
他成功地在西印度群岛掠夺了比他应得的份额更多的战利品，最重要的是，他侥幸逃脱了。
Henry Morgan did not die in battle and did not end upon the end of a noose.
亨利·摩根不是死在战场上也不是死在绞索上。
Few other captains from his time had that privilege and none of them did it quite like Morgan
和他同时代的船长很少有这样的特权，也没有人能像摩根那样做
who after his plundering days were done became a nobleman and a politician reveling in the admiration and respect of his peers.
在他劫掠的日子结束后，他成了一个贵族和政治家，陶醉于对他的同辈崇拜和尊敬中。
So was he a pirate or was he a privateer, the answer really depends on who you ask.
他到底是海盗还是皇家海盗，答案取决于你问谁。
But there is no denying that Henry Morgan has earned his spot as one of the most notorious men to sail the seven seas.
但不可否认的是，亨利·摩根已经成为七大洋航行史上最臭名昭著的人之一。
Henry Morgan's early life is very obscure, although most sources indicate that he was born circa 1635 in the Welsh town of Lianrumney, which today is a sub of cardiff.
亨利·摩根的早期生活鲜为人知，尽管大多数资料表明他大约在1635年出生在威尔士的Lianrumney镇，现在是加的夫的一个分支。
We know little else about his upbringing, although a contemporary of the pirate named Alexandre Exquemelin,
我们对他的成长历程知之甚少，尽管与他同时代的海盗亚历山大·奎特梅林，
claimed that Morgan came from a wealthy farming family, but that he had no interest in that life, which is why he became a sailor.
声称摩根来自一个富裕的农民家庭，但他对那种生活没有兴趣，这就是为什么他成为了一名水手。
Exquemelin will serve as one of our main sources for the life of Henry Morgan.
奎特梅林将成为我们了解亨利·摩根生活的主要来源之一。
He's quite distinctive in that regard not only was he a contemporary of the Welsh pirates,
他在这方面很有特色因为他不仅是威尔士海盗的同时代人，
but he actually served on Morgan's ship and was an eyewitness to many of his exploits.
而且他在摩根的船上服役时亲眼目睹了他的许多壮举 。
You'd think that that would make him one of the most credible sources we've ever had on biographics,
你可能会认为这将使他成为我们拥有的最可靠的传记来源之一，
but he was actually sued for libel by Henry Morgan
但他却被亨利·摩根以诽谤罪起诉
who claimed that he made up or exaggerated certain stories in his book History of the Buccaneers of America,
他声称自己在《美国海盗史》一书中编造或夸大了某些故事，
in order to make Morgan appear more murderous and cruel.
为了让摩根显得更加凶残残忍。
Well, if we're being technical, Morgan actually sued the publisher of the English translation of the book, but the point is that he won.
如果更严谨点，摩根实际上起诉了这本书的英译本出版商，但关键是他赢了。
However, the matter was settled out of court.
然而，这件事在庭外解决了。
So whether or not Exquemelin's statements were true was never established with certainty,
因此，无论奎特梅林的陈述是否真实，我们都无法确定，
we're going to assume that most of what Exquemelin said about Henry Morgan was true,
我们会假设大部分关于亨利·摩根的话都是真的
even if he did embellish certain parts.
即使他确实美化了某些部分。
In this case, Morgan left his old life behind sometime during the mid-1650s,
在这种情况下，摩根在17世纪50年代中期抛弃了他的旧生活，
and traveled to an English port city from, where he boarded a ship to Barbados in the West Indies.
然后去了英国的一个港口城市，在那里他登上了一艘去西印度群岛巴巴多斯的船。
When he arrived there he was sold as an indentured servant for a period of three years, this is just one version of events.
当他到达那里时，他被卖做了三年的契约仆人，这只是事件的一个版本。
Another claimed that Morgan simply joined a British navy ship to fight in the Anglo-Spanish war.
另一种说法是，摩根只是加入了一艘英国海军军舰，参加了英西战争。
Either way, he made his way to the West Indies where the better known chapter of his life began.
不管怎样，他来到了西印度群岛，在那里，他生命中更著名的篇章开始了。
In 1655 , the English tried to take the island of Hispaniola from the Spanish.
1655年，英国人试图从西班牙人手中夺取伊斯帕尼奥拉岛。
They failed, but they did manage to take Jamaica with an assist from the buccaneers.
他们失败了，但在海盗的帮助下，他们成功占领了牙买加。
We should mention at this point that, although nowadays we use terms like pirate, privateer and buccaneer.
在这一点上我们应该提到，尽管现在我们使用像pirate, privateer和buccaneer这样的词。
Interchangeably back then, they did mean slightly different things.
在当时，这几个词可以互换，它们的意思确实略有不同。
And it's worth knowing the difference, since Henry Morgan served as all three at various times.
我们有必要了解其中的区别，因为亨利·摩根在不同时期同时担任过这三种角色。
We're all familiar with pirates they had no loyalty to any government or king.
我们都很熟悉海盗他们对任何政府或国王都不忠诚。
They operated outside of the law and attacked whoever struck their fancy.
他们在法律之外行动，攻击任何符合他们心意的人。
Privateers, on the other hand, were basically state licensed pirates.
另一方面，私掠船基本上是国家许可的海盗。
They received something called a letter of mark from the admiralty or a governor,
他们收到了海军部或总督寄来的一份标记信，
and this allowed them to raid certain ships, which usually belonged to another nation that they were currently at war with.
这使得他们可以袭击某些船只，这些船只通常属于他们正在交战的另一个国家。
The privateer captain had to secure his ship and crew out of his own pocket,
私掠船长不得不自掏腰包保护他的船和船员，
and he had to send a share of the spoils to his government,
他不得不把一部分战利品交给他的政府，
but he was not breaking the law and he had no fear of legal reprisals.
但他没有触犯法律，也不怕法律报复。
In fact, some of history's most successful privateers, such as, Francis Drake,
事实上，历史上一些最成功的皇家船长，比如弗朗西斯·德雷克，
someone we've already covered here on biographics,
我们已经在传记中提到过，
You can check out the video, if you haven't seen it were regarded as heroes back home.
你可以看看这个视频，如果你还没看过的话，在家乡被视为英雄。
Finally, we have buccaneers who were actually a very specific subgroup of sailors
最后，我们还讲过海盗，他们实际上是水手中的一个非常特殊的小群体
who appeared in the Caribbean sea during the early 17th century.
他们于17世纪早期出现在加勒比海。
They consisted of a lot of seamen who were forced to flee the pirate haven of Tortuga,
他们包括许多被迫逃离托图加海盗避风港的海员，
when the Spanish took control of it in 1635.
西班牙人在1635年占领了这里。
Also included were social outcasts such as shipwreck survivors, mutineers and escaped slaves,
还包括被社会抛弃的人，如沉船幸存者、叛变者和逃跑的奴隶，
as well as native Americans who settled in parts of the West Indies that the Spanish didn't bother to colonize.
以及在西印度群岛部分地区定居的印第安人，这些地方西班牙人不屑于殖民。
When other European nations, such as England, France or the Netherlands sailed in the Caribbean,
当其他欧洲国家，如英国、法国或荷兰在加勒比海航行时，
they found most Spanish ports closed to them and that these people were the only ones willing to trade.
他们发现大多数西班牙港口都对他们关闭了，而这些人是唯一愿意进行贸易的人。
The English started calling them buccaneers from the French word buccaneer itself derived from Bukhar,
英国人开始称他们为" buccaneer "，这个词来源于法语" buccaneer "这个词来源于Bukhar，
which is a wooden grill used to smoke meat and make a jerky that they often used for trade.
这是一个木制烧烤架，用来熏肉和制作肉干，他们经常在贸易中使用。
It wasn't until the late 17th century that the buccaneers became powerful enough
直到17世纪晚期，海盗才变得足够强大。
that they earned the ire of other nations during the 1650s and 1660s.
他们在17世纪50年代和60年代引起了其他国家的愤怒。
However, England was more than happy to trade with buccaneers and allow them to use its port,
然而，英国非常乐意与海盗进行贸易，并允许他们使用自己的港口，
since they represented a cheap way of Waging War with Spain.
因为它们代表着一种向西班牙开战的廉价方式。
