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Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
欢迎来到英格威英语学习网，我是亚当。
Today's lesson is, again, a phrasal lesson, a phrasal verbs lesson. We're going to look at the verb "call".
今天的课程是，一节短语课，学习动词短语。我们要学习“call”这个动词。
And again, a phrasal verb is a verb plus a preposition that together sometimes have meanings completely different than the words themselves.
动词短语是由动词和介词组成的短语，其意思有时候与单词本身的意思完全不同。
Okay? So, which ones are we going to look at today? We're going to look at "call on".
今天我们要学习哪些呢？我们要学习“call on”。
Sometimes you will hear people say: "Call upon". More or less the same usage.
有时你会听见朋友说：“call upon"。大致是一样的用法。
"Call up", "call back", "call for", "call in", "call off", "call to"-and this is a little different because you always need something else here,
"Call up"， "Call back"， "Call for"， "Call in"， "Call off"， "Call to"-这有一点不同，因为你总是需要别的东西，
but I'll show you that-"call into"-also you need something at the end here, because by itself it doesn't really work-and "on call".
我也会给大家讲“call into”，你们也需要这里的东西，因为它自己是不够的-还有“on call”。
Now, "on call" is not a phrasal verb. In fact, it's not a verb at all. This is actually a situation.
“on call”不是一个动词短语。实际上，它都不是一个动词。这实际上是一个情景。
So, I'm going to start with this one. So, for example, "on call" is when you're available at any time for a certain position.
我们来以这个开始吧。比如，“on call”指的是你随时为任何状况待命。
So, for example, if I'm a doctor or a nurse, at some point in my career, usually at the beginning,
比如，如果我是一个医生或者护士，在我生涯的某个时刻，通常是在开始的时候。
I will have a lot of on-call work, meaning that I have to be ready.
我会有很多待命的工作，意思是我得随时准备好。
Anytime somebody calls, I have to go to the hospital and do the work.
任何时间有人呼叫的话，我得去医院完成工作。
A lot of jobs, for example, waitresses or even retail jobs, they give you an on-call position.
比如，很多的工作，服务员甚至还有零售业职位，他们会给你一个随时待命的工作。
It means it's not part time, it's not full time, it's on call.
意思是它不是兼职的工作，不是全职的工作，它是随时待命的工作。
When they need you, they will call you, you will go to work right away.
当他们需要你的时候，他们会给你打电话，你需要立即去完成工作。
When they need you again, you'll go back. So, it's... Could be used as an adjective or a noun.
当他们再需要你的时候，你就再回来。所以，可用做一个形容词，也可用做一个名词。
A noun as the situation, "on call" to describe your position. Okay, let's get to the verbs.
描述一种情境的名词。“on call”描述你的位置。现在我们来看动词。
"Call on". So, if I call on you for help, that means I'm asking you for help.
“Call on”。如果我给你打电话求助，意思是我在求你帮忙。
So, you call on someone to help you do something.
你可以给某人打电话做某事。
You also "call upon", but this is not necessarily a person.
你也可以说“call upon”，但是它后面不一定要跟人。
You can call upon your wits, you can call upon your intelligence. It means you want to draw.
你可以运用你的智慧，你可以运用你的智慧。它表示你想画画。
So you're asking your brain to give you the tools you need to do something. So, this job is going to...
所以你是在让你的大脑给你提供做某事的工具。这个工作是要...
Is going to call on all our energy, all our brains, all our confidence to do this job.
需要集结我们所有的能量，所有的头脑，所有的信心来做这个工作。
So that's "call on". Okay? Okay, let's go to the next one. Excuse me. "Call up".
这就是“call on”。让我们来看下一个。“call up”。
A few meanings to this one. One is just telephone. "Oh, yeah, I'll see you next week.
它有几个意思。一个意思就是打电话。“咱们下周见。
I'll call you up sometime and we'll go out for a drink." Okay?
我会给你打电话，到时我们一块去喝一杯。”
So you can say: "Call someone" or you can "call someone up", basically means the same thing.
所以你可以说：“call someone”或者“call someone up”。基本上是一个意思。
But in sports or in the military, it has a different use. In sports it's a promotion.
但是在运动或者军事中，它有不同的用法。在运动中，它指的是一种晋升。
So, many professional teams, they have the amateur teams or the semi-professional teams that their youngest...
在很多专业球队里，他们有业余球队，或者半职业球队，
Their young athletes play there, and when they get good enough, they're called up to the big team, to the professional team.
他们的年轻运动员在那里打球，当他们足够好的时候，他们就会被召唤到主队，专业的球队。
So, for example, in hockey you have your NHL teams, your professional league teams, you have your farm teams.
比如，在曲棍球运动中，你有NHL球队，你的专业联盟球队，还有农场球队。
This is the... We call these the "farm teams".
我们把它们叫做“农场球队”。
Okay? That's the ones that are just learning, they are young guys, they are trying to get up to the major leagues or the major teams.
他们是正在学习的球员，他们是年轻的小伙子，他们想进到大联盟或者专业球队。
So, you call them up. They've done well, they're called up to the next level. In military, some countries, they have a draft.
你可以召唤他们。他们表现地很棒，就可以晋升到更高水平的球队。在军事中，在某些国家，他们有征兵。
It means that they pick out young people to become soldiers and go to war.
意思是，他们选年轻人入伍，去打仗。
So, when they draft them, they're calling them up.
征兵就可以说“call up”。
Okay? They're out of high school or college, or whatever the situation, and they're called up to serve.
他们高中或者大学毕业，或者是出于其他的情况，他们应召入伍。
It means they're going to the army. Okay. So now we're going to look at "call back".
意思是他们要去参军。我们现在来看“call back”。
So, of course, there's always: "Hey, come back." So you're calling out to somebody, asking them to come back, to return.
当然，常说的话：“嘿，回来。”你在呼唤某人，让他们回来。
And the same thing you can do with a telephone call.
打电话时你也可以用到。
I call somebody at their office, let's say, the person is not available, out to lunch or away from the office or in a meeting,
我给他们办公室的人打电话，比如说，这个人没在，他出去吃午饭了，或者不在办公室，或者在开会，
and I leave a message and I say: "Can you please ask him or her to call me back?" Basically, return my phone call.
我留了个口信，我说：“你能让他或她给我回个电话吗？”基本上就是回我电话。
Okay. Now, another common use of "call back" is when you have an interview or audition.
另外一个常见的“call back”的用法是，在你面试或者试镜的时候。
So, an "audition" is when an actor goes to try to get a part in a movie, or a TV show, or a play, whatever.
试镜指的是，一个演员获得电影里的一个角色，或者是电视节目或者戏剧的角色等等。
So they go for an audition, they go to show what they can do.
所以他们去参加试镜，他们展现自己的能力。
Now, if they are called back, that means they are invited to a second audition.
如果他们给你回了电话，意思是他们进入了第二轮筛选。
Or in an interview, they're invited to a second interview.
在一个面试中，他们进入了第二轮面试。
So it's very uncommon these days in professional situations, if you go to an interview, they're not going to give you the job right away.
所以现在在职场中是很少见的，如果你去参加面试，他们不会立即让你获得这个职位的。
They are interviewing many, many people, they will finish all the first interviews, and then they will call back people for the second interview.
他们会面试很多人，完成第一轮面试，然后召集一些人参加第二轮面试。
So if you get a... Some... It's also a noun. You can say: "a callback".
如果你...它也是一个名词。你也可以说：“a callback”。
If you get a callback, that means you've been invited for a second interview; or in the case of acting, for a second audition.
如果他们给你回了电话，意思是你被邀请参加第二轮面试，或者在试镜的情况下，参加第二次试镜。
Okay? So these are the common uses of "back". "Call for".
这就是“back”常见的用法。“call for”。
Now, if you call for something, if a situation calls for something, it means it demands it or it requires it.
如果你需要某件东西，如果一个情况需要某个东西，意思是它需要这个东西。
Okay? Or so, for example: This situation calls for special attention. Okay? That's what this situation needs.
比如：这个情况需要特殊的关注。这就是这个情况需要的东西。
It calls for this, it calls for that. So, for example, if I need...
它需要这个，它需要那个。比如说，如果我需要...
If I need to do something that's very, very expert or very, very niche, I might...
如果我需要做某事，非常的专业，
The job itself might call for an expert or a specialist.
工作本身可能需要邀请一个专家来做。
So then I would call in a specialist, but I'll get to that in a second. Another "call for", somebody comes...
然后我就找一个专家来帮忙，稍后再来讲这个。另外一个用法，有人来了...
Your son or daughter comes home from school to get the mail from their college they applied to, they open it: -"I got accepted! I got accepted!"
你的儿子或女儿从学校回家，来取他们申请的大学的邮件，他们打开一看：“我被录取啦！我被录取啦！”
-"Well, this calls for a celebration!" and you go and get the wine: "Cheers, cheers, cheers." So, to find something appropriate for an occasion.
“我们需要庆祝一下！”你就去取酒：“干杯干杯。”找一些适合某个场合的东西。
So, the occasion calls for a response. Okay? So, calling for champagne always a good idea. So, again, "call in".
这个场合需要一个回应。喝香槟总是一个好点子。来看“call in”。
So, like I said before, if you have to call in somebody, means you have to bring a specialist.
就像我之前说的，如果你需要邀请某人过来，意思是你得找一个专家。
Call in an expert, call in somebody who has knowledge about something so you can do whatever the task needs to do.
邀请一个专家，邀请一个懂得某件事情的人过来，然后你就可以完成需要完成的任务。
Another meaning of "call in", and again, going back to the telephone: If you want to give a message, you can call it in.
“call in”的另外一个意思是，再回到电话：如果你想留言，你可以打电话说明。
So, for example, if I'm really, really sick... So, this morning, I woke up, I'm sneezing, I have a fever.
比如，如果我非常非常不舒服的话...今天早上，我醒来后，打喷嚏，发烧了。
I really feel bad. I don't want to go to work.
我感觉很糟。我今天不想去工作了。
So, I don't go to the office, tell them: "Look, I'm sick, I'm going home." I just call in sick.
我不去办公室了，我就告诉他们：“我生病了，我要回家。”我请了病假。
It means I telephone, I say: "Yeah, I'm sick, I'm not coming in today." Okay, everybody understands.
意思是我打了电话，我说：“我生病了，我今天就不去上班了。”大家就都明白了。
No problem. You can call in your message. If you have to vote.
没问题。你可以打电话提交你的信息。如果你一定要投票的话。
For example, if I want to vote in my country's election but I'm out of the country, some...
比如，如果我想在我的国家的选举中投票，但是我现在不在自己的国家，
Some countries will let you call in your vote.
有些国家会让你打电话提交投票。
You can call, leave your message, leave your vote, they accept it, that's it.
你可以打电话，留言，投票，他们接受了，就可以了。
"Call off". If you call off something, it means cancelled.
“call off”。如果你取消了某件事，意思是你取消了它。
Okay? So you had a party set to be outside, like a picnic or a barbeque, and it started to rain.
所以你在外面开了个派对，比如野餐或者烧烤，然后就开始下雨了。
So, you had nowhere indoors, you have no cover, so you had to call off the party.
你没有室内可去，没有雨伞，所以你不得不取消派对。
Or you got injured the day before the party, so you had to call it off, cancel it.
或者你在派对前一天受伤了，所以你不得不把它取消。
Sometimes people use it to mean postpone, but usually it means cancel.
有时候它的意思是推迟，但是通常的意思就是取消。
So, "call off". Now, another way we can use "call off" is, like, somebody...
这就是“call off”。另外一个我们可以使用“call off”的情况是，有人...
The police are coming at you. Let's say I'm a drug dealer. Okay? And I have my drugs in my pockets.
警察在朝你走来。比如说我是个药贩子。我口袋里有毒品。
And the police coming with their dogs, and these dogs are barking, and they're going crazy, and I say: "Whoa, call off your dogs."
警察带着警犬过来了看，警犬就开始叫，它们躁动起来，我就说：“把你的狗弄走。”
It means: "Hold them back, restrain them, don't let them go forward." We can also use it in the military.
意思是：“把他们拉走，拴住他们，不要让他们向前。”我们也可以在军事上使用它。
So, the soldiers are about to go to attack, and the...
士兵们要开始攻击了，
Whoever they're attacking comes out with their hands up: "Whoa, call off your soldiers. We're giving up."
他们要攻击的人举着手走出来：“叫走你的士兵吧。我们投降。”
It means: "Don't attack. Hold back." Okay? So that's "call off".
意思是：“不要攻击，阻止他们。这就是“call off”的用法。
Now, "call to" by itself doesn't really mean much. So, we say: "Call to action", for example.
“call to”本身没有什么意思。我们说“call to action”。
A call to action... Now, all of you, obviously, you're online right now, you've been to many websites.
行动号召...很明显，所有的人，你们现在在线，你登录过很多网站。
In many websites you will see: "Sign up", or "Buy now", or "Find out more", "Learn more", "Get more information".
在很多网站中，你可能会看到：“sign up”，或者“buy now”，或者“find out more”，“learn more”，“获取更多信息。”
All of these buttons that are asking you to do something, these are called "calls to action".
所有这些按钮都在请你做什么事情，这就就是“行为号召”。
So, in that case, they're actually nouns, they're not phrasal verbs. But if you...
在这种情况下，他们实际是是名词，他们不是动词短语。但是如果你...
If you're the person who wrote the site, the website or whatever, you...
如果你是创办网站的人，网站或其它东西，
You want to call your viewers to action, you want them to do something.
你想让你的访客采取行动，你想让他们做点什么事情。
Okay? "Call to action". You can also say: "Call to mind". Now, this has a very different meaning.
“行为号召”。你也可以说：“call to mind”。它有一个很不同的意思。
Let's say you're walking along the street, you hear some music somewhere, and it just calls to mind that vacation you had in Hawaii last year.
比如你正走在街上，你听到某处在放歌，它让你想到去年在夏威夷度假的事情。
So, basically, like, recall. You know the verb "recall", to bring to mind? You can also "call to mind", it means the same idea.
基本上就是回忆。你知道动词“recall”，想起来？你也可以说“call to mind”，是同一个意思。
Okay? And "call into" is... Works on the same principle.
“call into”基本上原理是一样的。
You're always going to call something into something. Call...
你总是可以说“call something into something”。
So, you're going to "call into question". Sorry, my "q" is not so pretty. "Call into question".
你可以对某事表示怀疑。我写的q不太好看。表示怀疑。
So, somebody wrote an article, or an essay, or a newspaper column, and you read it and then you say: "No, no, something's not right, here."
有人写了一篇文章，或一篇论文，或者一篇报纸专栏，你读了它，然后你说：“不，不，这里有些不对劲。”
So, you call the publisher and you call the information into question, or you call the writer into question.
你给出版商打电话，你对信息提出质疑，或者你对作者提出质疑。
It means you doubt. You think there's something wrong and you want to investigate the problem with that article, or with the writer, him or herself.
意思就是怀疑。你认为那里有个错误，你想要探讨文章的问题，或者和作者本人探讨。
Okay, that's basically it for "call into". Always call into question or call into some sort of doubt, etc.
这就是“call into”的意思。总是提出质疑，或者说“call into some sort of doubt”等等。
And then again, "on call", ready to work at any time. So, I hope these are clear enough.
然后再看看“on call”，随时准备好工作。我希望这些已经讲的够清楚了。
And if you need to practice them some more, please go to the www.engvid.com website, there's a quiz there.
如果你需要更多的练习，请登录www.engvid.com网站，那里有一个测试。
You can also ask me questions. And yeah, if you...
你也可以向我提问问题。当然，
Please subscribe to my channel if you like this video, and see me again soon. Bye-bye.
如果喜欢这个视频的话，请订阅我的油管频道，欢迎再回来学习。再见。
