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Okay, so let's look at our next batch of words.
我们来看下一组词汇。
Now, these three, they might seem like they're not really problematic because you can see the differences quite clearly,
这三组，似乎区分它们的问题不大，因为你可以明显地看出区别。
you will also hear the differences, but surprisingly, these words are confused quite often, especially these two.
发音也不同，但是惊讶的是，人们经常把这些词弄混，尤其是这两个。
Now, this is "moral", this is "morale", and this is "mortal".
这个是“moral”，这个是“morale”，而这个是“mortal”。
Now, you think because of the "t" it should be no problem, but in natural speed English, that "t" is very, very soft.
大家觉得可能有“t”所以区分起来应该没问题，但是在正常语速的英语中，t发音是非常轻的。
"My mortal enemy." So that "t" is almost disappearing, and so it sounds like a little bit like "moral" as well.
“我的死敌”。t几乎是不发音的，所以它听起来也有点像“moral”。
So, when you're... If you're listening to something, you might get that confused.
所以在你...如果你听到的话，可能会弄混。
Now, what is a "moral"? As a noun, when you talk about a fable or a little...
“moral”是什么意思呢？作为一个名词，当你讨论一个寓言的时候...
It sounds like a children's story, but it has a lesson to be learned.
听起来像一个儿童故事，但是它是让你学会一个道理。
There's a lesson to be learned from this story, so we call that lesson the moral.
我们可以从这个故事中学到一课，所以我们把这一课叫做寓意。
The moral of the story is: Be nice to your neighbours, or whatever the moral is.
这个故事的寓意是：对邻居要友好，或者是其他的寓意。
As an... As an adjective, we can also say "moral" when we're talking about the choice between good and bad.
作为一个形容词，当我们讨论好与坏的时候，我们可以使用“moral”。
We talk about social values, we talk about the choice between good and bad,
当我们讨论社会价值观的时候，我们会谈论选择的好与坏，
good and evil if you want to call it, then we're talking about moral, a moral choice.
或者善与恶，如果你想这样说的话，然后我们讨论道德，道德选择。
When we use the noun, it's usually "morals". We have to worry about our morals as a society;
当我们使用名词的时候，通常是“morals”。在一个社会中，我们必须得担心我们的道德。
or when you go to church, they teach you morals; or when you're growing up, your parents teach you morals.
当你去教堂的时候，他们会教你道德；在你长大的时候，你的父母会教你道德。
They teach you what's good, what's bad, what's right, what's wrong. Okay? So that's "moral".
他们会教你什么是好的，什么是坏的，什么是对的，什么是错的。这就是“道德”。
"Morale", a noun, is a basic feeling or attitude that is shared by a group. It could be a personal thing as well.
“morale”是一个名词，是指一个群体中共有的感觉或态度，也可以用在个人身上。
So when you're talking about an office full of workers, a good manager will make sure that the morale is high,
所以当你谈论满办公室的员工时，一个好的经理会确保员工士气高涨，
that everybody's excited, everybody's passionate, everybody wants to be there and everybody wants to work.
每个人都很兴奋，每个人都充满激情，每个人都想来这里，每个人都想工作。
It's a general good feeling. So a high morale.
它大体上是一个好的感觉。士气高涨。
If you have low morale, it means everybody's like dejected; nobody wants to be there, nobody wants to work, everybody feels bad.
如果你士气低落的话，意思是每个人都很沮丧，没人想去那里，没有人想工作，每个人都心情糟糕。
You won't get much work done. "Mortal" could be a noun or an adjective.
这样就做不了多少工作。“mortal”可以是一个名词或者形容词。
A noun is basically a human being, because we're all going to die. Adjective "mortal" means something that can die.
名词的意思就是人类。因为我们最终都会死的。形容词“mortal”意思是可以死去的事物。
Okay? So my mortal enemy is my enemy that's going to kill me, or a mortal plant, or a mortal animal can kill.
我的死敌就是会杀死我的敌人，或是致命的植物，或者是可以杀人的致命动物。
So "mortal" has to do with death. Okay? So these three are often confused; be careful about those.
所以“mortal”和死亡有关。这三个词经常会被弄混，所以要仔细区别。
These two, they look different, they sound different, but they're often mixed, they're often confused.
这两个词，他们看起来不一样，听起来不一样，但是它们经常会被弄混。
"Personal". If you're talking about "personal", you're talking about yourself, your private ideas,
“personal”。如果你要说“personal”，你是在谈论你自己，你私人的观点，
your private thoughts, your private choices or somebody else's private things.
你个人的想法，你个人的选择，或者他人的个人情况。
Right? So it's a personal decision. You shouldn't ask me if you should go or stay... Stay or go.
所以这是一个个人决定。你是要走还是要留，不要问我。
It's a personal decision. I can't tell you. It's for you to make. It's private. Here, this is "personnel".
这个个个人决定。我不能告诉你。这是你要做的决定。它是私人的。来看“personnel”。
So, here, "personal", "personnel". "Personnel" basically... Basically means staff.
在这里，“personnel”的意思基本上就是员工。
So the personnel in a company, we're talking about staff. All the employees are the personnel.
所以我们讨论的是公司的员工，所有的员工都是“personnel”。
Basically, any group of people who are involved in something is the personnel.
基本上，“personnel”指的是一群共同参与某件事的人们。
It doesn't have to be in a company, but that's where you'll most commonly see it used.
它不一定指的是公司的人，但是最常使用它的地方就是公司。
So these two, you can't mix. Now, before I continue, I just want to say one last... One more thing.
所以这两个词，你不能弄混了。在我继续之前，我就想说一件事。
You have to make sure that you know the differences between all of these, especially for tests like IELTS where spelling counts.
你必须得确保你知道这些词的区别，尤其是像雅思这样的考试，拼写很重要。
So you have one letter difference. One letter will cost you a point on the IELTS. Okay? So it's very important to know.
一个字母之差。一个字母就让你在雅思考试中丢一分。所以这是很重要的。
In tests like SAT that want to check your vocabulary, they will make sure that you know the differences between certain words.
在像SAT这样的测试中，他们想要检查你的词汇量，他们会确保你知道某些单词之间的区别。
So, which brings us to the last batch: "censor", "sensor", "censure". The only difference is this "h" sounds like an "sh".
我们来看最后一组：“censor”，“sensor”，“censure”。唯一的区别就是“h”听起来像“sh”。
But again, in native speed, in native speakers' English, you won't hear that "sh": "censure".
在母语人士的自然语速下，你不会听到“sh”的发音。
In a sentence, it'll sound the same as "censor". So, what is a "censor"? It can be a noun.
在句子中，它的发音和“censor”是一样的。“censor”是什么意思？它可以是一个名词。
As a noun, it is a person who does the censoring. As a verb, "to censor" means to cut out or to stop from becoming publically available.
作为名词，它指的是检查员。作为动词，“to censor”意思是审查或者停止公开。
So when you're talking about news, the news you see... Or any news, for example, about the military, okay?
当你谈论新闻的时候，你看到的新闻...比如，军事新闻。
The military censors all of the information, so any information that they don't want the public to have, they will keep back.
军队会审核所有的信息，所以任何他们不想让公众知道的信息都不会发布。
They will keep out of the media. They will censor it. They will put a block. Okay? A "sensor" is something that detects.
他们不让媒体报道，他们会进行审查。他们会将其屏蔽。|“传感器”是用来探测的东西。
Okay? So, for example, you have a smoke detector, it has a little sensor inside that feels the smoke and then starts making all the noise that a smoke alarm does.
比如，你有一个烟雾探测器，它内部有一个小传感器，可以感知烟雾，会发出烟雾报警器发出的噪音。
In your camera or in your phone or in your anything, there's a light sensor. It sensors how much light there is or isn't.
在你的相机或者手机里，或者其他设备里，都有一个光传感器。它能感应到有多少光。
So, again, it comes from the word "sense", to feel or to detect because machines don't really feel.
它来自“sense”这个单词，去感觉或者探测，因为机器是没有感觉的。
Right? So... "Censure" is to express disappointment or anger at someone, but usually in a public way.
是吧？“censure”指的是对某人表达失望或者愤怒，但是通常是公开的方式。
So, for example, if I'm the teacher and I have a bad student in my class, I may censure that student in front of all the other students.
比如，如果我是老师，我班上有一个很差的学生，我可能会在其他所有的同学面前斥责这个学生。
I will say, you know: "You're behaving badly, and you shouldn't do that, and you're disturbing your peers", and not very good.
我会说：“你表现很差，你不应该那么做，你打扰了你的同学”，表现不好。
So I will censure the student. Now, for most of you, you're not going to use this word, you're not going to hear it too often.
所以我会斥责这个学生。对你们大多数人来说，你用不到这个单词，听到的机会也不是很多。
If you're going to take an SAT test, for example, you definitely need to know words like this. So, if you want to practice all...
比如，如果你要去参加SAT考试，你肯定需要知道这样的词汇。如果你想练习所有...
Your understanding of these words, go to www.engvid.com, there's a quiz. You can also ask me any questions in the comment section.
想要理解这些词汇，请登录英格威英语学习网，那里有一个测验。你可以在评论区问我任何问题。
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and I'll see you again soon. Bye.
不要忘记订阅我的油管频道，我们很快会再见的。再见。
