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Section D: In this section, you will hear two short passages.
第四节：在本节中，你将听到两段短文。
The passages will be read only once.
每段短文只读一遍。
After each passage, there will be a one-minute pause.
每段短文后有30秒钟的停顿。
During the pause, write the answers on the answer sheet.
在停顿期间，把答案写在答题纸上。
Dictation
听写
Listen to the passage.
听短文。
For questions 21~25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear.
用你听到的单词或短语完成第21~25题。
Chinese people start their preparations for the Spring Festival more than 20 days ahead.
中国人提前20多天就开始为春节做准备。
The 12th lunar month in Chinese is called la yue, so the eighth day of this lunar month is la yue chu ba, or laba.
农历十二月在中国被称为腊月，所以这个农历月的第八天是腊月初八，即腊八。
The day is also known as the Laba Rice Porridge Festival.
这一天也被称为腊八节。
The Laba this year falls on Jan 2.
今年的腊八节是1月2日。
Three major customs on Laba are ancestor worship, eating Laba rice porridge and making Laba garlic.
腊八节的三大习俗是祭祖、喝腊八粥和做腊八蒜。
Ancestor worship: At the end of the year, working people get more free time to prepare for the sacrifice to the ancestors.
祭祖：每年年底，劳动人民有更多的空闲时间来准备祭祀祖先。
The reason the 12th lunar month is called la yue has a lot to do with the custom of sacrifice.
农历十二月之所以被称为腊月与祭祀习俗有很大关系。
First, the worship of ancestors, called “腊” in Chinese, and the sacrifice for the gods, called “蜡”, both frequently took place in the 12th month, which led to the traditional name of the month: la yue.
首先，祭祖（中文叫“腊”）和祭祀神灵（中文叫“蜡”）都经常在12月举行，这产生了这个月的传统名称：腊月。
Second, winter is the slack season for farmers so they have time to find things to burn in the sacrifice.
其次，冬天是农民的淡季，所以他们有时间去找祭祀中用来烧的东西。
Laba rice porridge: There are several legends about the origin of porridge eating on Laba:
腊八粥：关于腊八节喝腊八粥的起源有以下几种传说：
Some claim it is of Buddhist origin; some say the porridge, made of red beans, can exorcize evil from children.
有人说它源于佛教；有人说这种用红豆制成的粥可以给孩子驱邪。
Others say the porridge is in memory of a poor couple.
还有人说，腊八粥是为了纪念一对可怜的夫妇。
The custom of porridge eating has been well known throughout history, from the royal court to common people.
喝粥的习俗自古以来就广为人知，上至宫廷，下至平民百姓。
The most “authentic” porridge was made in northern China, especially Beiping, today’s Beijing.
最正宗的粥产自中国北方，尤其是北平，也就是今天的北京。
The main ingredients of the Laba porridge are rice and sticky rice;
腊八粥的主要原料是大米和糯米；
people also add sugar, red dates, lotus seeds, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, longans, hazelnuts, raisins, red beans, peanuts, water caltrops, roseleaf and other various materials to make the porridge special.
人们还会加入糖、红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、桂圆、榛子、葡萄干、红豆、花生、菱角、玫瑰叶等各种材料，使粥变得特别。
Summary
摘要
Listen to the passage.
听短文。
For questions 26~30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank.
完成26~30题的笔记，每个空格不超过3个单词。
A tropical rainforest is a special, dark place completely different from anywhere else.
热带雨林是一个特殊的、黑暗的地方，与其他地方完全不同。
It is a place where the trees grow very tall.
这是一个树木长得很高的地方。
Millions of kinds of animals, insects, and plants live in the rainforest.
数百万种动物、昆虫和植物生活在雨林中。
It is hot and humid in the rainforest.
雨林里又热又潮湿。
It rains a lot in the rainforest, but sometimes you don’t know it’s raining.
雨林里经常下雨，但有时你不知道正在下雨。
The trees grow so closely together that rain doesn’t always reach the ground.
树木长得如此紧密，以至于雨水并不总是会落到地面上。
Rainforests make up only a small part of the Earth’s surface, about six percent.
雨林只占地球面积的一小部分，约占6%。
They are found in tropical parts of the world.
它们分布在全球的热带地区。
The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon in South America.
世界上最大的雨林是南美洲的亚马逊雨林。
Rainforests provide us with many things.
雨林为我们提供了许多东西。
In fact, the Amazon Rainforest is called the “lungs of our planet” because it produces twenty percent of the world’s oxygen.
事实上，亚马逊雨林被称为“地球之肺”，因为它生产了世界上20%的氧气。
One fifth of the world’s fresh water is also found in the Amazon Rainforest.
世界上五分之一的淡水也在亚马逊雨林中。
Furthermore, one half of the world’s species of animals, plants, and insects live in the Earth’s rainforests.
此外，世界上一半的动物、植物和昆虫生活在地球上的雨林中。
Eighty percent of the food we eat first grew in the rainforest.
我们吃的80%的食物最初都生长在雨林中。
For example, pineapples, bananas, tomatoes, corn, potatoes, chocolate, coffee, and sugar all came from rainforests.
例如，菠萝、香蕉、西红柿、玉米、土豆、巧克力、咖啡和糖都来自雨林。
Twenty-five percent of the drugs we take when we are sick are made from plants that grow only in rainforests.
我们生病时服用的药物有25%是由只生长在雨林中的植物制成的。
With all the good things we get from rainforests, it’s surprising to find that we are destroying them.
我们从雨林得到了所有的好处，但令人惊讶的是，我们却正在破坏它们。
In fact, 1.5 acres of rainforests disappear every second.
事实上，每秒钟就有1.5英亩的雨林消失。
The forests are being cut down to make fields for cows, to harvest the plants, and to clear land for farms.
森林正在被砍伐，以便为奶牛开垦土地，收割植物，并为农场腾出土地。
Along with losing countless valuable species, the destruction of rainforests creates many problems worldwide.
在失去无数珍贵物种的同时，破坏雨林也给世界带来了许多问题。
Destruction of rainforests results in more pollution, less rain, and less oxygen for the world.
破坏雨林导致了更多的污染、更少的降雨和更少的氧气。
