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Passage One
短文一
Increased television time for young children has long been linked with poorer progress in some areas of development.
长期以来，幼儿看电视时间增多一直与某些成长方面的进展较差有关。
One possible way to counter those negative effects is talking while watching the screen.
要抵消这些负面影响，一种可能的方法就是在看电视时进行交谈。
As a new study suggests, the more parents engaged in conversation with preschoolers during TV time,
一项新研究表明，在看电视期间家长与学龄前儿童交流得越多，
the more likely those children were to have higher curiosity levels when they reached kindergarten.
这些孩子在进入幼儿园阶段时就越有可能具有更强的好奇心。
This was particularly true for children with socioeconomic disadvantages.
对于社会经济处境不利的儿童来说，情况尤其如此。
"Our findings reinforce the importance of parent conversation to promote early childhood development and curiosity,"
“我们的研究结果强调了与家长交谈对促进幼儿期发展和增强好奇心的重要性。”
said lead author Prachi Shah at University of Michigan Health C.S. Mott Children's Hospital.
来自密歇根大学健康C.S.莫特儿童医院的主要作者普拉奇·沙阿说道。
Researchers assessed hours of daily television exposure and frequency of parent screen-time conversation among 1,500 preschoolers, and then measured early childhood curiosity in kindergarten.
研究人员评估了1500名学龄前儿童每天看电视的时长，以及在孩子看电视时家长与之交谈的频率，然后评估了这些孩子在幼儿园阶段的好奇心水平。
The study specifically focused on curiosity levels, which are associated with enhanced learning and higher academic achievement in reading and math at kindergarten,
这项研究特别关注好奇心水平，因为好奇心水平与幼儿园阶段阅读和数学方面的学习提升以及更优秀的学业成绩有关，
and behavioral-developmental benefits, especially for children from families with lower socioeconomic status.
而且还关乎行为发展方面的益处，对于来自社会经济地位较低的家庭的儿童而言尤其如此。
While many young children are now growing up with digital media exposure through mobile devices like tablets and phones,
虽然如今许多幼儿是伴随着平板电脑和手机等移动设备，在接触数字媒体的环境中长大的，
television remains a dominant screen activity, accounting for 72% of all screen time.
但看电视仍然是主要的屏幕活动，占所有屏幕使用时间的72%。
TVs are in 98% of all homes, keeping television exposure a relevant developmental context in young children.
98%的家庭都有电视，这使得接触电视仍是幼儿成长中的相关背景。
Excessive media exposure, including television, can displace exploratory activities such as play and parent-child interactions, which are believed to be key to cultivating curiosity in kids.
过度接触媒体，包括看电视在内，会取代诸如玩耍和亲子互动等探索性活动，而这些活动被认为是培养孩子好奇心的关键。
"Our findings suggest the importance of parents finding opportunities to foster conversational exchanges in daily routines with their young children including while watching television," Shah said.
“我们的研究结果表明，在日常生活中，包括看电视时，家长寻找机会与年幼的孩子进行交流互动是很重要的，”沙阿说道。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据刚刚听到的短文回答问题9至问题11。
Question 9. What do we learn from a new study about young children?
问题9. 我们从一项关于幼儿的新研究中了解到了什么？
Question 10. What did Prachi Shah's study specifically focus on?
问题10. 普拉奇·沙阿的研究具体关注了什么？
Question 11. What does the passage say about excessive media exposure?
问题11. 文章对过度媒体曝光有何看法？
