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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
这里是VOA慢速英语健康与生活方式报道。
A new study has found that the twice-yearly injections of a treatment for AIDS were 100 percent effective in preventing new HIV infections in women.
一项新的研究发现，每年注射两次治疗艾滋病的药物对预防妇女感染新的艾滋病病毒100%有效。
The U.S. drugmaker Gilead sells the drug treatment under the name Sunlenca.
美国制药商吉利德销售这种以Sunlenca为名的药物。
The drug is approved in the United States, Canada, Europe and in other places, but only as a treatment for HIV.
该药物已经在美国、加拿大、欧洲和其他地方获得批准，但仅作为治疗HIV的药物。
The researchers ended the study early because of the surprisingly good results.
由于结果出人意料地好，研究人员提前结束了这项研究。
All the people in the study were then offered the injection, or shot, also known as lenacapavir.
研究中的所有人随后都接受了这种注射，或称为lenacapavir的针剂。
Thandeka Nkosi helped run the Gilead research at the Desmond Tutu Health Foundation in Masiphumelele, South Africa.
坦迪卡·恩科西在南非马西富梅勒勒的德斯蒙德·图图健康基金会帮助开展了吉利德研究。
She said the idea of a twice-a-year shot is “quite revolutionary news.
她说，一年注射两次的想法是“相当具有革命性的消息”。
” About 5,300 young women and girls in South Africa and Uganda took part in the study.
大约5300名南非和乌干达的年轻女性和女孩参与了这项研究。
Researchers reported that none of the women injected with the treatment became infected with HIV.
研究人员报告说，接受治疗注射的女性中没有一人感染艾滋病毒。
Among those given daily prevention pills, about two percent became infected with HIV from infected sex partners.
在那些每天服用预防药物的人中，大约有2%的人通过受感染的性伴侣感染了艾滋病病毒。
Gilead said it is waiting for results of testing in men before seeking permission to use it as protection against HIV.
吉利德公司表示，它正在等待对男性的检测结果，然后再申请将其用作预防艾滋病的药物。
The New England Journal of Medicine published the results on July 24.
《新英格兰医学杂志》于7月24日发表了该结果。
Experts also discussed the study at an AIDS conference in Munich, Germany.
专家们还在德国慕尼黑的一次艾滋病会议上讨论了这项研究。
Gilead paid for the study and some of the researchers are company employees.
吉利德公司为这项研究提供了资金，部分研究人员是该公司的员工。
There are other ways to prevent HIV infection. These include devices like condoms or drugs taken daily by mouth. However, regular use has been a problem in Africa.
还有其他预防艾滋病病毒感染的方法，其中包括像避孕套这样的设备或每天口服的药物。然而，在非洲，定期使用一直是一个问题。
In the new study, only about 30 percent of people given Gilead’s Truvada or Descovy HIV prevention pills actually took them. That percentage also dropped over time.
在这项新研究中，服用吉利德公司的Truvada或Descovy艾滋病预防药物的人中，只有约30%的人真正服用了药物。而且，这个比例还随着时间的推移而下降。
Nkosi said the twice-yearly injections give people a choice.
恩科西说，一年两次的注射给了人们一个选择。
She added that injections took away the “stigma around taking pills” to prevent HIV.
她补充说，注射消除了为预防艾滋病而服用药片所带来的“耻辱感”。
As an HIV treatment, the drug costs more than $40,000 a year in the U.S. Health insurance companies pay part of the cost and patients pay the balance.
作为一种艾滋病病毒治疗药物，该药物在美国每年的费用超过4万美元。健康保险公司支付部分费用，患者支付余额。
People working to stop the spread of AIDS are interested in the Sunlenca shots.
致力于阻止艾滋病传播的人们对Sunlenca注射剂很感兴趣。
But they are concerned that Gilead has not agreed on a lower price for those who need the shots the most.
但是他们担心吉利德公司没有同意为那些最需要注射的人降低价格。
“Gilead has a tool that could change the trajectory of the HIV epidemic,” said Winnie Byanyima.
“吉利德有一种工具，可以改变艾滋病流行的轨迹，”温妮·拜安伊玛谈到。
She is executive director of the Geneva-based UNAIDS. She said the U. N.AIDS agency urged Gilead to share Sunlenca’s patent with a U. N. program.
她是总部设在日内瓦的联合国艾滋病规划署的执行主任。 她说，联合国艾滋病规划署敦促吉利德公司与联合国的一个项目分享 Sunlenca 的专利。
The program’s goal is to let generic drugmakers manufacture low-cost versions of drugs for poor countries.
该计划的目标是让仿制药制造商为贫穷国家生产低成本的药物版本。
Dr. Helen Bygrave of Doctors Without Borders said in a statement that the injections could “reverse the epidemic if it is made available in the countries with the highest rate of new infections.”
无国界医生组织的海伦·拜格雷夫博士在一份声明中说，如果在新感染率最高的国家提供这种注射，就可以“扭转疫情”。
She urged Gilead to publish a lower price for Sunlenca that all countries could pay.
她敦促吉利德公布一个所有国家都能支付得起的Sunlenca低价。
In other research presented at the AIDS conference, Andrew Hill of the University of Liverpool and others said the drug’s price would go down.
在艾滋病会议上提交的其他研究中，利物浦大学的安德鲁·希尔和其他人表示，该药物的价格将会下降。
They estimated that once production of Sunlenca is expanded to treat 10 million people, the price would fall to about $40 per treatment.
他们估计，一旦Sunlenca的生产扩大到可治疗1000万人，价格将降至每次治疗约40美元。
He said it was important for health officials to get Sunlenca as soon as possible.
他说，对卫生官员来说，尽快获得Sunlenca是很重要的。
“This is about as close as you can get to an HIV vaccine,” Hill said.
“这已经是你能得到的最接近艾滋病疫苗的东西了，”希尔说道。
Gilead said it would seek a “voluntary licensing program.” It said a small number of generic producers would be permitted to make the drug.
吉利德公司表示将寻求 “自愿许可计划”，表示将允许少数仿制药生产商生产这种药物。
In a statement last month, Gilead said it was too early to say how much Sunlenca would cost in poorer countries.
吉利德在上个月的一份声明中表示，现在说Sunlenca在较贫穷国家的售价会是多少还为时过早。
Dr. Jared Baeten is a product development official with Gilead.
贾里德·贝滕博士是吉利德公司的产品开发官员。
He said the company was already talking to generic drugmakers and understood how “deeply important it is that we move at speed.”
他说，该公司已经在与仿制药制造商进行谈判，并明白“快速采取行动有多重要”。
Byanyima said many groups need long-lasting protection from HIV infection.
拜亚尼玛表示，许多群体需要长期的保护，以避免感染艾滋病毒。
They include women and girls who are victims of violence and homosexual men in countries where homosexuality is criminalized.
他们包括遭受暴力行为的女性和女童受害者，以及在将同性恋定为犯罪的国家中的男同性恋者。
UNAIDS says that in 2022 46 percent of new HIV infections in the world were in women and girls.
联合国艾滋病规划署表示，2022年全球新增艾滋病病毒感染者中，46%是妇女和女童。
In Africa, females are three times more likely to get HIV than males, the U. N. group said.
联合国组织表示，在非洲，女性感染艾滋病病毒的可能性是男性的三倍。
Recently, UNAIDS released a report on the state of the HIV epidemic.
近期，联合国艾滋病规划署发布了一份关于艾滋病疫情状况的报告。
It said that fewer people were infected with HIV in 2023 than at any time since the late 1980s.
报告中说，2023年感染艾滋病病毒的人数比20世纪80年代末以来的任何时候都要少。
The U. N. says HIV infects about 1.3 million people every year and kills more than 600,000, mainly in Africa.
联合国称，每年约有 130 万人感染艾滋病毒，60 多万人因此丧生，主要集中在非洲。
While much progress has been made in Africa, HIV infections are rising in Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.
虽然非洲已经取得了很大的进展，但东欧、拉丁美洲和中东的艾滋病感染人数正在上升。
And that’s the Health & Lifestyle report. I’m Anna Matteo. And I’m Jill Robbins.
这就是本期的健康与生活方式报告。我是安娜·马特奥。我是吉尔·罗宾斯。
