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As students return to college across the United States, administrators are preparing for new activism against the war in Gaza. Some have adopted new rules limiting protests.
随着全美各地的学生返回大学，管理者们正在为新一轮反对加沙战争的学生抗议活动做准备。一些学校通过了限制抗议活动的新规定。
Last spring, college protests resulted in damage, conflict and arrests at several schools. The summer break brought most protests to an end.
去年春天，多所学校发生了学生抗议活动，造成了破坏、冲突和逮捕事件。暑假的到来，大多数抗议活动也随之结束。
But the results of the damage last spring are still being felt.
但是去年春天所造成的破坏仍在继续。
At Columbia University in New York City, Minouche Shafik resigned from her position as president earlier this month.
在纽约市的哥伦比亚大学，米努切·沙菲克于本月早些时候辞去了校长职务。
In April, Shafik faced strong criticism from lawmakers over her response to protests at Columbia.
今年 4 月，沙菲克因其对哥伦比亚大学抗议活动的回应而遭到议员们的强烈批评。
Some universities are putting new measures in place to avoid what happened at Columbia.
一些大学正在采取新的措施，以避免重蹈覆辙。
The new rules include banning encampments and limiting the duration of demonstrations.
新规定包括禁止露营和限制示威的持续时间。
They permit protests only in defined areas and restrict campus access to those with university identification.
他们只允许在规定区域内进行抗议，并限制校园进入权限，只允许有大学身份证明的人可以进入。
Critics say some of the measures will hurt free speech.
批评人士称，其中一些措施将损害言论自由。
The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) released a statement earlier this month condemning “overly restrictive policies” that would harm free expression.
美国大学教授协会（AAUP）本月早些时候发表声明，谴责“过度限制性政策”，这些政策会损害言论自由。
The AAUP said, “Our colleges and universities should encourage, not suppress, open and vigorous dialogue and debate even on the most deeply held beliefs.”
美国大学教授协会表示：“我们的学院和大学应该鼓励，而不是压制开放和激烈的对话和辩论，即使是在最根深蒂固的信仰上也应如此。”
The University of Pennsylvania has released “temporary guidelines” for student protests.
宾夕法尼亚大学发布了针对学生抗议的“临时指导方针”。
Overnight demonstrations are banned, and the use of loud audio equipment is barred after 5 p.m. on days when classes are being held.
禁止通宵游行示威，禁止在上课日下午 5 点后使用大音量音响设备。
Signs, posters, and banners must be removed after two weeks.
标志、海报和横幅必须在两周后拆除。
The university says it remains supportive of freedom of speech and lawful assembly.
该大学表示，它仍然支持言论自由和合法集会。
At Indiana University, protests after 11 p.m. are banned under a new “expressive activities policy” which took effect on August 1.
在印第安纳大学，根据8月1日生效的一项新的“表达活动政策”，晚上11点以后的抗议活动被禁止。
The policy bars “camping” or placing a shelter on campus. Signs require approval from school officials.
该政策禁止在校园内“露营”或搭建庇护所。标识需要得到学校官员的批准。
The University of South Florida now requires approval for tents, canopies, banners, signs and amplifiers.
南佛罗里达大学现在要求帐篷、遮阳篷、横幅、标志和扩音器必须获得批准。
“Speech, expression and assembly” rules bar demonstrations after 5 p.m. on weekdays and weekends.
“演讲、表达和集会”规则禁止在工作日和周末下午5点后举行示威活动。
Protests are completely banned during the last two weeks of a semester.
在学期的最后两周，完全禁止抗议活动。
Risa Lieberwitz is a Cornell University professor of labor and employment law and gives legal advice to the AAUP.
丽萨·利伯维茨是康奈尔大学劳动和就业法教授，并为美国大学教授协会（AAUP）提供法律咨询。
Lieberwitz said, “I think right now we are seeing a resurgence of repression on campuses that we haven’t seen since the late 1960s.”
利伯维茨说：“我认为，现在我们正看到校园里的压制现象死灰复燃，这是自20世纪60年代末以来从未见过的。”
However, university officials say free speech cannot interfere with learning.
然而，大学官员表示，言论自由不能干扰学习。
They say the updated rules improve safety on campus.
他们表示，更新后的规定提高了校园安全。
Tensions at many universities increased after October 7, 2023, when Hamas militants attacked southern Israel.
2023年10月7日，哈马斯激进分子袭击以色列南部后，许多大学的紧张局势加剧。
Hamas killed 1,200 people most of whom were civilians. Hamas also took about 250 people hostage.
哈马斯杀害了1200人，其中大多数是平民。哈马斯还劫持了大约250人作为人质。
Israel’s military operation to answer the attack has continued through the summer.
以色列的军事行动以回应这次袭击，一整个夏天都在继续。
Many student protesters in the U.S. have promised to continue their activism against the Gaza war.
美国的许多学生抗议者承诺将继续开展反对加沙战争的活动。
They are fueled by information from Hamas’s health ministry that says more than 40,000 people have died in the Gaza conflict.
哈马斯卫生部提供的消息称，已有 4 万多人在加沙冲突中丧生，这些消息更是火上浇油。
Much of that tension appeared in the spring on Columbia’s campus.
这种紧张局势在春天出现在哥伦比亚大学校园里。
On April 30, police with riot shields raided a building that pro-Palestinian protesters had occupied at Columbia.
4月30日，手持防暴盾牌的警察突袭了哥伦比亚大学一座被亲巴勒斯坦抗议者占领的大楼。
Earlier, police had cleared out a tent camp that protestors had set up.
早些时候，警方已经清理了抗议者搭建的帐篷营地。
Similar protests took place on campuses around the country.
类似的抗议活动在全国各地的校园中发生。
It is estimated that more than 3,000 people were arrested in connection with the pro-Palestinian protests.
据估计，有超过3000人因与亲巴勒斯坦抗议活动有关而被捕。
However, many of the students who were arrested during police actions have had their charges dismissed.
然而，许多在警方行动中被捕的学生的指控已经被撤销。
Some are still waiting to learn what government lawyers decide.
一些人仍在等待了解政府律师的决定。
Others have faced suspension from school, had their diplomas withheld or faced other punishments.
其他人面临停学、被扣留毕业证书或面临其他惩罚。
Columbia only recently began permitting people with university identification or registered visitors onto campus.
哥伦比亚大学直到最近才开始允许持有大学身份证明或注册访客进入校园。
Officials said they wanted to limit possible “disruptions” at the start of the new semester.
官员们表示，他们希望限制新学期开始时可能出现的“混乱”。
Shafik of Columbia was among the university leaders who Congress called on in April to explain what was happening.
哥伦比亚大学的沙菲克是四月份国会要求解释正在发生的事情的大学领导人之一。
Lawmakers accused her of not doing enough to deal with concerns about anti-Semitism at Columbia.
议员们指责她在处理哥伦比亚大学反犹太主义问题上做得不够。
She announced her resignation weeks before classes are to start on September 3.
她宣布辞职，此时距离9月3日开学还有几周时间。
Other university leaders have also stepped down in recent months.
其他大学的领导人最近几个月也已经辞职了。
University of Pennsylvania President Liz Magill resigned in December.
宾夕法尼亚大学校长莉兹·马吉尔于12月辞职。
She faced pressure after she appeared before Congress and was unable to say whether calls on campus for the genocide of Jewish people would violate school policy.
她在国会露面后面临压力，因为她无法说明校园内呼吁对犹太人进行种族灭绝是否会违反学校政策。
In January, Harvard University President Claudine Gay resigned after accusations of claiming others’ writings as her own and her statement about free speech given to Congress.
1月，哈佛大学校长克劳丁·盖伊在被指控将他人的作品据为己有以及她向国会发表的关于言论自由的声明后辞职。
I’m Caty Weaver. And I’m Mario Ritter, Jr.
我是凯蒂·韦弗。我是小马里奥·里特。
