The U.S. Senate has approved the nation’s first major legislation aimed at protecting children from internet harms.

美国参议院批准了美国第一项旨在保护儿童免受互联网伤害的重大立法。

Two bills passed the Senate by a vote of 91-3 on Tuesday.

周二，参议院以91票对3票通过了两项法案。

But the measures will also need to be passed by the U.S. House of Representatives to become law.

但这些措施还需要得到美国众议院的通过才能成为正式法律。

It is currently unclear whether the House will approve the bills in the future.

目前尚不清楚众议院未来是否会批准这些法案。

One bill is known as the Kids Online Safety Act, or KOSA.

其中一项法案被称为《儿童网络安全法案》，简称KOSA。

The other is called the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA 2.0).

另一个被称为《儿童网络隐私保护法》(COPPA 2.0)。

The KOSA bill requires technology companies to take steps to provide a “duty of care” to protect young users.

KOSA 法案要求技术公司采取措施，为保护年轻用户提供 "关注义务"。

This legal term covers a range of steps businesses need to take in an effort to “prevent and mitigate” harm to children.

这一法律术语涵盖了企业为努力“预防和减轻”对儿童的伤害而需要采取的一系列步骤。

Such harms include bullying and violence, as well as online information related to suicide, eating disorders and substance and sexual abuse.

此类危害包括欺凌和暴力，以及与自杀、饮食失调、物质和性虐待有关的在线信息。

The bill known as COPPA 2.0 is designed to increase privacy rules related to children.

这项名为COPPA 2.0的法案旨在增加与儿童相关的隐私规则。

The bill bans some targeted advertising to kids online.

该法案禁止向儿童在线投放一些有针对性的广告。

It also bars data collection on children without their knowledge or approval.

它还禁止在儿童不知情或未经他们批准的情况下收集儿童数据。

And it gives parents and young users the ability to remove personal information from social media services.

该法还允许父母和年轻用户从社交媒体服务中删除个人信息。

In addition, the bills would require companies to permit minors to opt out of product tools that use activity history to predict and suggest additional content to keep users online for long periods.

此外，这些法案还要求公司允许未成年人选择退出使用活动历史记录来预测和建议更多内容以保持用户长时间在线的产品工具。

The bill empowers state attorney general representatives to enforce most parts of the laws.

该法案授权州总检察长代表执行法律的大部分内容。

However, the “duty of care” part cannot be enforced by state attorneys general.

然而，“关注义务”部分不能由州总检察长强制执行。

That change was made after concerns were raised that some states may seek to block information related to LGBTQ issues or reproductive rights.

在变化之前，有人担心一些州可能寻求屏蔽与LGBTQ问题或生殖权利有关的信息。

Wider enforcement will be dealt with by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which will help decide what kinds of content is “harmful” to children.

更广泛的执法工作将由联邦贸易委员会（FTC）负责，该委员会将帮助决定哪些内容对儿童 "有害"。

KOSA and COPPA 2.0 are being supported by a wide range of nonprofits, technology accountability organizations and parental rights groups.

KOSA和COPPA 2.0得到了广泛的非营利组织、技术责任组织和父母权利组织的支持。

In addition, the bills have been supported by major groups representing American doctors and teachers.

此外，这些法案还得到了代表美国医生和教师的主要团体的支持。

Some well-known technology companies – including Microsoft, X and Snap – have also expressed support.

包括微软、X和Snap在内的一些知名科技公司也表示支持。

Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, has not publicly expressed strong support or opposition to the measures.

拥有Facebook、Instagram和WhatsApp的Meta尚未公开表示强烈支持或反对这些措施。

Meta has said in the past it is not completely against some government regulation of social media.

Meta过去曾表示，它并不完全反对政府对社交媒体的一些监管。

Some technology industry groups and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) have criticized the measures.

一些科技行业组织和美国公民自由联盟(ACLU)则批评了这些措施。

They have suggested that differing definitions of what is considered harmful to children could result in minors being blocked from important information.

他们表示，对儿童有害的信息定义不同，可能会导致未成年人无法获得重要信息。

Such information could include LGBTQ issues, reproductive rights or vaccines.

这些信息可能包括LGBTQ问题、生育权或疫苗。

Some changes were made earlier to the legislation in an effort to overcome these concerns, but some critics said those did not go far enough.

为了消除这些顾虑，早些时候对立法进行了一些修改，但一些批评者认为这些修改还不够。

"They made improvements, but not enough," said Democratic Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon.

俄勒冈州民主党参议员罗恩·怀登说：“他们有所改进，但还不够。”

He was one of three senators who voted against the bills.

他是投票反对这些法案的三名参议员之一。

He recently told reporters, "I still think it is going to harm a lot of LGBTQ kids because of the way it's going to make it difficult for them to get information.”

他最近告诉记者，“我仍然认为这将伤害许多LGBTQ儿童，因为这将使他们难以获得信息。

Josh Golin is executive director of Fairplay, a nonprofit group working to protect children from online marketing and other possible harms.

乔什·戈林是Fairplay的执行董事，Fairplay是一个非营利性组织，致力于保护儿童免受在线营销和其他可能的伤害。

He told The Associated Press before the Senate vote that he is “very hopeful” the bills will eventually be passed by both houses of Congress.

他在参议院投票前对美联社说，他对这些法案最终能在参众两院获得通过抱有“很大希望”。

“The reason it has not come to a vote yet is that passing legislation is really hard, particularly when you’re trying to regulate one of the, if not the most powerful industry in the world,” Golin said.

戈林说：“该法案还没有进行表决的原因是，通过立法真的很难，特别是当你试图监管世界上最强大的行业之一时。”

I’m Bryan Lynn.

我是布莱恩·林恩。