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Today, Rachel explains how these outbreaks happen, the future of our food safety system, and what we can all do to make sure the produce in our kitchens is safe to eat.
今天，雷切尔会向我们解释细菌感染是如何发生的，食品安全系统的未来，以及所有人可以做什么来确保厨房里的农产品可以安全食用。
Rachel, I told you about my cucumber debacle, but can you tell me about all these latest outbreaks, run through some of the ones maybe we've heard of, maybe we've forgotten about, and the origin of those foods and what was it that caused that food to be recalled?
瑞秋，我跟你讲过我黄瓜的惨败经历，但你能跟我讲讲最近这些细菌感染的情况吗？回顾一下我们可能听说过的，或者已经忘记的那些，以及这些食物的来源，又是什么导致了这些食物被召回？
Well, let's start with cucumbers.
好的，我们从黄瓜开始说起。
There's a salmonella outbreak right now.
目前沙门氏菌感染正在爆发。
So far, as of Wednesday, it's sickened 68 people in 19 states.
截至周三，该病毒已导致19个州的68人患病。
As you mentioned, the cucumbers appear to be grown in Mexico.
正如你所提到的，这些黄瓜似乎源于墨西哥。
There's been some recalls of cucumbers, like SunFed, Russ Davis.
已经有一些品牌的黄瓜被召回，比如SunFed、RussDavis。
There's also carrots right now.
现在也有胡萝卜被召回。
Now some growing concerns about an E.Coli outbreak that's tied to organic, whole and baby carrots
最近，越来越多的人担心大肠杆菌感染爆发与有机、完整和小的胡萝卜有关。
E.Coli outbreak in carrots, sick in 39 people, including one death in 18 states.
胡萝卜导致的大肠杆菌感染，致使18个州的39人患病，其中1人死亡。
This is bagged organic carrots, so whole carrots, baby carrots.
这些是袋装有机胡萝卜，所以也就是完整的胡萝卜，小胡萝卜。
Where are those carrots grown?
那些胡萝卜是在哪里种植的？
Do we know?
我们知道吗？
It was supplied by Grimmway Farms.
它由Grimmway农场供应。
There's a recall right now over eggs.
现在还有鸡蛋召回。
There was also the high profile recall from Boar's Head liverwurst.
以及曾引人注目的野猪头肝泥香肠召回。
There was slivered onions that were recalled that were on McDonald's quarter pound hamburgers, which was one of the high profile ones.
麦当劳的四分之一磅汉堡中使用的洋葱丝被召回，也曾是备受关注的事件之一。
That investigation is now closed.
该调查现已结束。
I see.
我明白了。
A lot of these recalls are flagging different bacteria.
很多召回都针对不同的细菌。
There's salmonella, listeria, E.Coli.
如沙门氏菌、李斯特菌、大肠杆菌。
Rachel, just what are these bacteria?
瑞秋，这些细菌到底是什么？
What makes them a threat to humans?
是什么让它们对人类构成威胁？
They're all bacteria that can make people sick.
它们都是会让人生病的细菌。
E.Coli.
拿大肠杆菌举例子。
People have healthy E.Coli in their intestinal tract, but there is some that can make people sick.
人类肠道中有健康的大肠杆菌，但有一些会让人生病。
Usually around like 3-4 days for E.Coli, some of the symptoms are like diarrhea, vomiting salmonella about 12-72 hours after eating contaminated food, symptoms also like diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps.
大肠杆菌感染潜伏期通常是3-4天，一些症状是腹泻，呕吐。沙门氏菌感染是在食用受污染的食物后约12-72小时，症状也类似大肠杆菌感染，腹泻、发烧、胃痉挛等。
There's listeria bacteria, which usually about within two weeks, but it can be up to 10 weeks till you actually get sick.
李斯特菌感染，通常两周内发病，但实际上可能潜伏长达10周才会致病。
So who is responsible for making sure our food is safe?
究竟谁负责确保我们的食品安全？
I think it's multi prong.
食品安全是多方面共同负责。
Obviously, there are the producers of the food, the facilities, the plants that are charged with creating a clean environment and following regulations.
显然，食品生产商、生产设施、工厂都负责创造维护清洁环境并遵守相关规定。
Then you have the federal government standpoint, which is the Food and Drug Administration, which oversees the vast majority of food products, like 78% of food products, think dairy and produce and nuts.
联邦政府方面，由食品药品监督管理局负责，它监管着绝大多数食品，比如78%的食品，包括乳制品、农产品和坚果。
Then you have the US Department of Agriculture, which oversees some meat products.
还有美国农业部，它监管一些肉类产品。
The FDA oversees some meat as well, and they're in charge with regulations.
食品药品监督管理局也监管一些肉类，他们负责制定监管规则。
They're in charge with inspections.
他们也负责检查。
Some states actually are in charge of inspections, as well.
一些州实际上也负责检查。
You can see how it's this complex multi prong system.
你可以看出它是个复杂多管式系统。
Then, let's say, God forbid, bacteria or something gets onto food, then who's responsible for figuring that out and then flagging people and making sure that more people don't consume this food and get sick?
那么，但愿不会发生，如果细菌或其他东西进入食物，谁负责查明问题，然后提醒人们以确保更多的人不会食用这种食物而生病呢？
This forensic examination of the food is the centers for disease control and prevention, which is charged with this disease detective work on the human illness side.
食品的病源检查由疾病控制和预防中心进行，该中心负责人类疾病方面的侦查工作。
What's crazy to me, Rachel, is that I know about E.Coli in undercooked meat or salmonella if you eat raw eggs.
瑞秋，我觉得最疯狂的是，我确实知道未煮熟肉里有大肠杆菌，生鸡蛋里有沙门氏菌
We always hear the warnings about if you have raw meat or raw animal products that you're at risk at some of these.
我们总是听到这样的警告，如果吃生肉或未熟的动物产品，就会有感染细菌的风险。
But now you're hearing about salmonella and E.Coli on vegetables and produce
但现在你却听说蔬菜和农产品上也有沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌。
How does this bacteria get onto these foods that we're talking about like slivered onions?
这种细菌是究竟如何进入我们所说的这些食物中的，比如洋葱丝？
It's a great question.
这是一个很棒的问题。
There are different ways within the environment that this can happen.
出现这种状况的原因可能有很多。
It can be contaminated soil.
可能是源于污染的土壤。
It can be contaminated water.
可能是源于污染的水。
This can be from animals.
也可能源自动物。
What we're talking about here is it can come from animal poop, essentially.
我们认为，这些细菌主要来自动物的粪便。
That's in the water and that's in the soil and that could get on produce.
只要水里，土壤里有粪便，那么细菌就可能进入农产品里。
