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Medieval punishments for modern times. Looking back at the past, most of us find comfort in the fact that many of the most savage customs, traditions, and rituals of our ancestors no longer exist.
现代依旧存在的中世纪酷刑。回顾过去，我们大多数人都感到欣慰，因为我们祖先的许多最野蛮的习俗、传统和仪式已不复存在。
Perhaps the most relieving is that many of the goriest and messiest of the devices and methods used for punishment like the horrific blood eagle disembowelment process have died out.
也许最令人欣慰的是，许多最血腥、最混乱的惩罚手段和方法，如可怕的血鹰开膛剖肚过程，已经消失。
Rather terrifyingly, however, a number of these medieval practices are still around today and some are even endorsed by governments that usually champion human rights.
然而，更可怕的是，这些中世纪做法中的一些至今仍然存在，有些甚至得到了通常拥护人权的政府的认可。
Flogging. In the Middle Ages and early modern period, flogging typically involved exposing a wrongdoer's upper half and suspending them by the wrists on a wooden post.
鞭笞。在中世纪和近代早期，鞭笞通常是暴露犯人的上半身，并将其手腕悬挂在木柱上。
With their bare back extra taut and so more susceptible to pain, the offender was brutally lashed 20 or more times depending on the severity of the crime.
由于他们的裸背绷得特别紧，因此更容易感到疼痛，罪犯会被残忍地鞭打20次及以上，具体取决于罪行的严重程度。
If the victim fainted during the ordeal either from loss of blood or shock, the flogging was paused and a bucket of water splashed in their face to restore consciousness, after which it resumed.
如果受害者在折磨过程中因失血或休克而晕倒，鞭刑就会暂停，并用一桶水泼到他们脸上以恢复意识，然后继续鞭刑。
Flogging was a regular occurrence in Europe and it was usually reserved for those who stole, cheated, or were drunk in public,
鞭刑在欧洲很常见，通常用于惩罚偷窃、欺骗或在公共场合醉酒的人，
such as at Durham in 1690 when a married woman named Eleanor Wilson was given a lashing after being caught drunk on a Sunday.
例如1690年在达勒姆，一名名叫埃莉诺·威尔逊（Eleanor Wilson）的已婚妇女在星期天醉酒后被抓，就被鞭打。
From the 20th century, this excruciating punishment disappeared from Europe.
从20世纪开始，这种残酷的惩罚在欧洲消失了。
But it is unfortunately still practiced in many Muslim countries today, such as Indonesia, Iran, Singapore, and the Maldives.
但不幸的是，今天在许多穆斯林国家，如印度尼西亚、伊朗、新加坡和马尔代夫，仍然在实施这种惩罚。
In Saudi Arabia, one of the most infamous cases involved blogger Raif Badawi, who in 2014 was sentenced to a grueling 1000 lashes for criticizing Islam online,
在沙特阿拉伯，最臭名昭著的案件之一涉及博主拉伊夫·巴达维（Raif Badawi），他于2014年因在网上批评伊斯兰教而被判处1000下鞭刑，
while a Filipino man was handed 75 lashes for accidentally bringing into the country to chocolate bars with alcohol inside them.
一名菲律宾男子因不小心将含有酒精的巧克力棒带入该国而被处以75下鞭刑。
Decapitation. Lopping off the heads of villains and crooks is about as old as time itself.
斩首。砍下恶棍和骗子的头颅的历史与历史本身一样悠久。
But the most enduring image of this macabre measure came from the late 18th century.
但这种恐怖手段最持久的形象来自18世纪后期。
The guillotine which cut heads swiftly using a sharp-angled blade dropped from a height gained international notoriety during the French Revolution, yet older methods were not so humane.
断头台使用从高处落下的锐角刀片迅速斩首，在法国大革命期间获得了国际声誉，但旧方法并不那么人道。
From as early as 1066 when William the Conqueror beheaded troublemaking Norman nobles, decapitation was the preferred way to go for European aristocrats, but it was in no way quick.
早在1066年，征服者威廉斩首了制造麻烦的诺曼贵族，斩首就是欧洲贵族的首选方式，但行刑速度并不快。
With the French brandishing the sword and the English and Germans favoring the axe, executions were often gruesomely drawn out affairs,
法国人挥舞着剑，英国人和德国人喜欢用斧头，处决往往是残酷而漫长的过程，
such as those performed by James II headsman Jack Ketch, who was well renowned for taking three or four slashes to finish the job.
例如斩首詹姆斯二世的刽子手杰克·凯奇（Jack Ketch），以三四下砍杀才能完成行刑任务而闻名。
Nowadays, decapitation is still carried out in Saudi Arabia, where most recently in November 2022, 12 people were beheaded by the sword in 10 days.
如今，沙特阿拉伯仍在实施斩首，最近一次是在2022年11月，10天内有12人被斩首。
And it's also the chosen method of execution by Islamic State militants.
这也是伊斯兰国武装分子选择的处决方式。
One of the most egregious examples was when 27 hostages lost their lives in this grisly manner at the hands of four radicals dubbed The Beatles because of their British accents.
最令人震惊的例子之一是27名人质以这种可怕的方式丧生，行刑者是四名激进分子，他们因英国口音而被称为披头士。
Crucifixion. Even before Jesus was strung on the cross, crucifixion was a very popular punitive choice.
钉十字架。甚至在耶稣被钉上十字架之前，钉十字架就是一种非常流行的惩罚选择。
In the ancient world, it was most infamously wielded as a punishment against the perpetrators of a slave revolt led by former gladiator Spartacus in 71 BC.
在古代，最臭名昭著的例子是惩罚公元前71年由前角斗士斯巴达克斯领导的奴隶起义的肇事者。
After it was put down, Roman legionnaire crosses crucified around 6 000 participants, lining them across the Appian Way for maximum psychological effect.
在镇压之后，罗马军团士兵用十字架钉死了大约6000名参与者，将他们排列在阿庇安大道上，以达到最大的震慑作用。
Later on in the 16th century, it was commonly employed by the Japanese against Christians such as in 1597, when 26 were nailed to a cross in Nagasaki,
16世纪后期，日本人经常用这种刑罚来对付基督徒，例如1597年，26名基督徒在长崎被钉在十字架上；
while in 1651 many non-christians suffered the same fate after an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the ruling shogun.
1651年，许多非基督徒企图推翻执政的幕府将军失败后也遭受了同样的命运。
Today this barbaric punishment is still carried out in Sudan, where it's permitted under Sharia law.
今天，这种野蛮的惩罚在苏丹仍然在实施，伊斯兰教法允许使用这种刑罚。
In 2013 three men found guilty of murder was sentenced to hanging and then public crucifixion in accordance with article 168 of the 1991 Sudanese Penal Code.
2013年，根据1991年苏丹刑法第168条，三名被判犯有谋杀罪的男子被判处绞刑，然后公开钉在十字架上。
Curiously, because of its religious undertones, crucifixion has also been used in the modern age as a form of protest to recall the suffering of Jesus.
奇怪的是，由于钉十字架的宗教含义，钉十字架在现代也被用作一种抗议形式，以悼念耶稣的苦难。
In 2013 eight bus drivers from Paraguay hammered themselves to a cross to show their disdain for their employer, who fired them after they asked for overtime pay and other basic work benefits.
2013年，巴拉圭的八名巴士司机用锤子将自己钉在十字架上，以表达对雇主的蔑视，他们要求加班费和其他基本工作福利，然后被解雇。
