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The world this week--Politics
本周国际要闻--政治
Rachel Reeves, Britain’s chancellor of the exchequer, presented an expansive tax-and-spend budget.
英国财政大臣雷切尔·里夫斯提出了一份大规模的税收和支出预算。
Taxes will rise by 40bn pounds (That's $52bn; the biggest revenue raiser was an increase in employers’ national-insurance contributions.
税收将增加400亿英镑(合520亿美元；最大的收入来源是增加雇主的国民保险缴费)。
Ms Reeves changed her fiscal rules to enable lots more borrowing for capital investment and unveiled more spending on education, housing and green energy.
里夫斯改变了她的财政规则，允许更多的借款用于资本投资，并公布了在教育、住房和绿色能源方面的更多支出。
The biggest winner was health care, which enjoyed the largest real-terms increase in spending since 2010, outside the pandemic.
最大的赢家是医疗保健，自2010年以来，除疫情外，医疗保健支出的实际增幅最大。
Israeli warplanes targeted Iran’s air-defence systems and missile factories in retaliation for Iran’s missile attack against Israel on October 1st.
以色列战机袭击了伊朗的防空系统和导弹工厂，报复伊朗10月1日对以色列发动的导弹袭击。
Israel confirmed it had struck Iran, the first time it has officially acknowledged a direct strike on its foe.
以色列证实袭击了伊朗，这是以色列首次正式承认对其敌人进行了直接打击。
Iran played down the damage.
伊朗淡化了袭击造成的损害。
America said there would be “consequences” for Iran if it attacked Israel again.
美国表示，如果伊朗再次攻击以色列，将会承担“后果”。
Oil prices fell sharply amid relief that Israel had not hit Iranian energy facilities.
以色列没有袭击伊朗的能源设施，油价大幅下跌，这让人松了一口气。
The Israeli parliament voted to ban UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestinians, from operating within Israel.
以色列议会投票禁止联合国巴勒斯坦机构近东救济工程处在以色列境内活动。
Nine UNRWA staff were sacked in August for their alleged involvement in Hamas’s terrorist attack on Israel in October last year.
8月，9名近东救济工程处工作人员因涉嫌参与去年10月哈马斯对以色列的恐怖袭击而被解雇。
America’s State Department and a host of ngos urged Israel to reconsider the ban, as UNRWA plays a critical role in delivering aid to Gaza.
美国国务院和许多非政府组织敦促以色列重新考虑这项禁令，因为近东救济工程处在向加沙运送援助物资方面发挥着关键作用。
At least 93 people were killed in an Israeli strike on a building in north Gaza, according to the Hamas-run authorities.
据哈马斯领导的当局称，以色列对加沙北部一座建筑的袭击造成至少93人死亡。
An Israeli operation in Lebanon’s Bekaa valley, a Hizbullah stronghold, killed 60 people, according to the local governor.
据当地省长称，以色列在黎巴嫩真主党据点贝卡山谷的一次行动造成60人死亡。
Breakdowns of civilian and combatant casualties were not provided in either case.
这两次袭击都没有提供平民和战斗人员伤亡的详细情况。
Hizbullah chose Naim Qassem as its new leader following Israel’s assassination of Hassan Nasrallah and elimination of other senior leaders in the Iranian-backed militia.
真主党选择纳伊姆·卡西姆成为新的领导人，此前以色列暗杀了哈桑·纳斯鲁拉，并清除了这个由伊朗支持的民兵组织中的其他高级领导人。
Yoav Gallant, Israel’s defence minister, said Mr Qassem wouldn’t be leader for long.
以色列国防部长约阿夫·加兰特表示，卡西姆不会长期担任领导人。
A UN report found that the Rapid Support Forces, one of the two main parties in Sudan’s civil war, was responsible for widespread sexual violence amounting to war crimes and crimes against humanity.
联合国的一份报告发现，苏丹内战的两个主要政党之一快速支援部队应对相当于战争罪和危害人类罪的广泛性暴力负责。
The rsf recently stepped up its attacks around Khartoum, the capital, killing hundreds of people, mostly civilians.
快速支援部队最近加强了对首都喀土穆周围的袭击，造成数百人死亡，其中大部分是平民。
Since it began in April 2023, the war in Sudan has displaced more than 14m people, or about 30% of the population.
自2023年4月爆发以来，苏丹战争已经使1400多万人流离失所，约占该国总人口的30%。
Parts of the country are afflicted by famine.
该国部分地区饱受饥荒之苦。
Botswana held an election.
博茨瓦纳举行了选举。
The Botswana Democratic Party, which has ruled since 1966, was expected to win.
预计自1966年以来一直执政的博茨瓦纳民主党将获胜。
Mokgweetsi Masisi, the president, is likely to stay on for a second term.
总统莫贵茨·马西西可能会连任。
The opposition alliance, which is fractured but popular with young people struggling to find work, has alleged there was vote-rigging.
反对派联盟虽然四分五裂，但在就业困难的年轻人中很受欢迎，该联盟声称存在选举舞弊。
Flooding caused by exceptionally heavy rains killed at least 95 people in Spain’s Valencia region in the country’s worst flood-related disaster in decades.
西班牙巴伦西亚地区由特大暴雨引发的洪水造成至少95人死亡，这是该国数十年来最严重的洪灾。
A year’s worth of rain was recorded falling in one day.
一天记录到了一年的降雨量。
Official results in Georgia’s parliamentary election suggested the pro-Russian Georgian Dream party had been returned to power with 54% of the vote.
格鲁吉亚议会选举的官方结果显示，亲俄的格鲁吉亚梦想党以54%的得票率重新掌权。
The pro-European opposition coalition refused to accept the result, as allegations of ballot-tampering emerged.
但存在篡改选票的指控，亲欧洲的反对党联盟拒绝接受选举结果。
The country’s electoral commission began a recount of votes in randomly selected polling stations.
该国选举委员会开始在随机抽取的投票站重新计票。
Georgia’s election follows allegations of Russian meddling in Moldova’s recent poll.
在格鲁吉亚举行选举之前，有指控称俄罗斯干预了摩尔多瓦最近的选举。
Nato confirmed that North Korean troops have been deployed to Russia to to help President Vladimir Putin wage war on Ukraine.
北约证实，朝鲜军队已被部署到俄罗斯，以帮助弗拉基米尔·普京对乌克兰发动的战争。
The Pentagon estimates that 10,000 North Koreans are in Russia, some of them located close to the Ukrainian border, and that they could start fighting against Ukrainian troops within a few weeks.
五角大楼估计，有1万名朝鲜军人在俄罗斯，其中一些人位于乌克兰边境附近，他们可能会在几周内开始与乌克兰军队作战。
North Korea test-fired its first intercontinental ballistic missile of the year.
朝鲜试射了今年的第一枚洲际弹道导弹。
The missile flew for 87 minutes, the longest flight yet for the regime’s icbm programme.
导弹飞行了87分钟，是迄今为止，朝鲜发射的洲际弹道导弹飞行时间最长的一次。
Some analysts think the country may be getting technical help from Russia in in exchange for help with Mr Putin’s invasion of Ukraine.
一些分析人士认为，朝鲜可能正在从俄罗斯获得技术帮助，以换取朝鲜对普京入侵乌克兰的帮助。
In a shock result, Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party lost its majority in a parliamentary election.
日本自民党在议会选举中失去了多数席位，这个结果令人震惊。
It was a big blow to Ishiba Shigeru, the prime minister, who called the snap poll when he was elected as the ldp’s leader a month ago.
这对首相石破茂来说是一个巨大的打击。一个月前，石破茂当选自民党党魁时，曾呼吁提前举行投票。
The LDP and its partner, Komeito, took 215 seats in the lower house, short of the 233 needed for a majority and leaving it scrambling to find other parties to support the coalition.
自民党及其合作伙伴公明党在众议院获得215个席位，低于获得多数所需的233个席位，这使得自民党不得不争抢着寻找其他政党来支持联合政府。
A record 73 women were elected to the 465-member chamber.
创纪录的73名女性被选入465名议员组成的众议院。
Canada’s deputy foreign-affairs minister told a parliamentary committee that India’s minister of home affairs, Amit Shah, was behind a campaign of violence and intimidation targeting Sikh activists in Canada.
加拿大外交部副部长告诉一个议会委员会，印度内政部长阿米特·沙阿是针对加拿大锡克教徒活动分子的暴力和恐吓运动的幕后黑手。
No evidence was provided for the claim against Mr Shah, the closest ally of Narendra Modi, India’s prime minister.
但没有提供证据支持这一指控，沙阿是印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪最亲密的盟友。
Relations between Canada and India have soured after the murder last year of a Sikh separatist in Vancouver.
自去年一名锡克分离主义分子在温哥华被谋杀后，加拿大和印度的关系有所恶化。
Eight of Mexico’s 11 supreme court justices handed in their resignations, to signal they will not stand in elections in June 2025.
墨西哥11名最高法院法官中有8名提交了辞呈，以此表明他们将不会参加2025年6月的选举。
Under a controversial new judicial reform, judges at all levels in Mexico will be elected rather than appointed.
根据一项有争议的新司法改革，墨西哥各级法官将由选举产生，而不是任命。
The reform stipulates that their pensions would be at risk if they did not step down, and then lost the election.
这项改革规定，如果他们不下台，他们的养老金将面临风险，然后在选举中落败。
Three justices close to Morena, the ruling party, are staying on.
与执政党莫雷纳关系密切的三名法官将留任。
The government of Bolivia denied that it had attempted to assassinate Evo Morales, the country’s former president.
玻利维亚政府否认曾试图暗杀该国前总统埃沃·莫拉莱斯。
Mr Morales says his car was shot at as he travelled through the centre of the country.
莫拉莱斯说，他的车在穿过该国中部时遭到枪击。
The interior minister said Mr Morales’s convoy had fired shots at the police and ran over an officer.
内政部长表示，莫拉莱斯的车队向警察开枪，并碾压了一名警察。
Mr Morales and Luis Arce, the current president, are feuding over who will lead their party, the Movement for Socialism, into an election in 2025.
莫拉莱斯和现任总统路易斯·阿尔斯正在为谁将领导他们的政党社会主义运动参加2025年的选举而争论不休。
The conservative president of Argentina, Javier Milei, sacked his minister for foreign affairs, Diana Mondino, after she voted at the UN to end America’s embargo against Cuba.
阿根廷保守派总统哈维尔·米雷解雇了外交部长戴安娜·蒙迪诺，此前她在联合国投票决定结束美国对古巴的禁运。
Since Mr Milei took office last December Argentina had always voted in line with American policy at the un.
自去年12月米雷上任以来，阿根廷在联合国的投票一直与美国的政策一致。
America’s presidential candidates made their closing arguments ahead of the election on November 5th.
美国总统候选人在11月5日大选前发表了终结辩论。
Kamala Harris labelled Donald Trump a fascist.
卡玛拉·哈里斯称唐纳德·特朗普为法西斯主义者。
Mr Trump called Ms Harris a “radical left Marxist”.
特朗普称哈里斯为“激进的左翼马克思主义者”。
The opinion polls remained neck and neck.
民意调查显示双方仍然势均力敌。
