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The flameless ration heater. For over 30 years, the flameless ration heater has been the US Army's number one miracle worker,
30多年来，无焰口粮加热器一直是美国陆军的头号奇迹创造者，
with its ability to turn clumps of congealed cold pasta from something that shouldn't even be considered food, let alone put into the mouth, into a dish that straddles the fine line between the vomit inducing and barely edible.
它能够将一团团凝结的冷面条从甚至不能被视为食物的东西（更不用说放入口中），变成一道介于令人呕吐和几乎无法食用之间的菜肴。
This is achieved by adding a mixture of powdered magnesium iron alloy and table salt with an ounce and a half of water for 10 minutes, which raises the temperature of the 8 ounce main meal to 100 Fahrenheit or about 38℃.
这是通过将镁铁合金粉和食盐的混合物与一盎司半的水混合10分钟来实现的，这会将8盎司主餐的温度升高到100华氏度或约38摄氏度。
The process is known as an exothermic reaction as the water boils.
当水沸腾时，该过程称为放热反应。
For those unfamiliar with the heating process, a list of step-by-step instructions with an informative picture can be found on the front.
对于不熟悉加热过程的人，可以在前面找到带有信息图片的分步说明列表。
In what has become one of the biggest military in jokes on the net, step number six vaguely advises users to lean the piping hot heater against a rock or something.
网上关于军队的笑话中，第六步含糊地建议用户将滚烫的加热器靠在石头或其他东西上。
The phrase was originally coined in just by Lauren Oleksyk, Bob Trottier and Don Pickard at the Natick Research, Development and Engineering Centers, Food Engineering Directorate as they were designing the directions for the flameless ration heater in 1993.
这句话最初是由Lauren Oleksyk、Bob Trottier和Don Pickard在纳蒂克研发工程中心、食品工程理事会设计无焰配给加热器的方向时创造的。
If caught without a handy rock, soldiers have suggested that a sleeping dog, a buddy, and even a Lieutenant's head are good alternatives.
如果手边没有石头，士兵们建议，一只睡着的狗、一个伙伴，甚至一个中尉的头都是不错的选择。
Cigarettes. A former staple of British and American ration packs, cigarettes were not so much an accessory but a necessity for the combatants of World War I, World War II and Vietnam.
香烟曾是英国和美国配给包中的主食，对第一次世界大战、第二次世界大战和越南战争的战斗人员来说，香烟与其说是一种装备，不如说是必需品。
This can be illustrated by the contents of the US Army C and K rations, which up until the removal of tobacco in 1975, included pallet cleansing smokes to accompany breakfast, lunch and dinner.
这可以通过美国陆军C口粮和K口粮的内容来说明，在1975年取消烟草之前，这些口粮包括用于早餐、午餐和晚餐的托盘清洁烟。
In 2017, Steve Thomas, a YouTuber known as Steve1989MREInfo and renowned for his creative military ration videos, recreated this classic combo,
2017年，以拍摄富有创意的军用口粮视频而闻名的YouTuber（账号名称Steve1989MREInfo）史蒂夫·托马斯(Steve Thomas)重现了这一经典组合，
when he ate a K-ration from 1943, finishing it off how it was meant to with a vintage MRE he described as "the strongest cigarette I've ever had".
他吃了一份1943年的K口粮，并用老式MRE将其吃完，他称其为“我抽过的最浓烈的香烟”。
During World War II, cigarettes were viewed as so essential by the British war effort that they even made their way into a parliamentary debate.
在第二次世界大战期间，香烟被英国军队视为必不可少的装备，甚至进入了议会辩论。
On March 22nd 1944, in a question categorized as an overseas issue, the Member of Parliament for Cheltenham, Mr Daniel Lipson asked the financial secretary to the war office Arthur Henderson to replace the smaller Woodbine and Wesmokes with a larger product that was of higher quality.
1944年3月22日，在一个被归类为海外问题的问题中，切尔滕纳姆的议员Daniel Lipson要求战争办公室的财务大臣阿瑟·亨德森用更大、质量更高的产品取代较小的Woodbine和Wesmoke香烟。
Cigarettes were ultimately removed in the 1970s by most militaries because of the emerging scientific consensus that they were a leading cause of cancer.
20世纪70年代，大多数军队最终取消了香烟，因为科学界逐渐形成共识，认为香烟是致癌的主要原因。
Yet they still remained in the ration packs of several other countries.
然而，其他几个国家的口粮包仍然保留了香烟。
Complimentary cigarettes were still available in the Russian army up until 2013 when the Russian defense minister got rid of them.
直到2013年俄罗斯国防部长取消免费香烟之前，俄罗斯军队中仍然提供免费香烟。
Among the most pacifer critics of the move was Valentina Melnikova, head of the Union of Soldiers' Mothers Committee, a Russian NGO or non-governmental organization that exposes human rights violations within the Russian military.
对此举最严厉的批评者之一是俄罗斯士兵母亲委员会主席Valentina Melnikova，该委员会是俄罗斯的一个非政府组织，揭露俄罗斯军队内部侵犯人权的行为。
She warned that their nicotin starved Sons would violently Riot if this most foundational of Russian Human Rights was broken.
她警告说，如果俄罗斯人权的这一最基本原则被破坏，他们尼古丁匮乏的儿子们将暴动起来。
The P38 can opener. Often cited as the Army's best ever invention, the underappreciated P38 can opener was first introduced to the US Army in 1942 and was often worn around a soldier's neck in the style of a dog tag.
P38开罐器经常被认为是陆军有史以来最好的发明，被低估的P38开罐器于1942年首次引入美国陆军，经常以狗牌的形式戴在士兵的脖子上。
It was created by Major Thomas Dennehy in just 30 days, at the Subsistence Research Laboratory in Chicago.
它是由托马斯·丹尼(Thomas Dennehy)少校在芝加哥的后勤研究实验室仅用30天发明的。
At 1 cent per unit, an estimated 750 million were manufactured over the 3 years that America fought in World War II, making it the cheapest and most mass-produced tool ever made by the American military.
以每件1美分的价格计算，美国在二战的3年中制造了约7.5亿件，使其成为美国军方有史以来最便宜、产量最大的工具。
Many legends exist about the origins of its name, but the most commonly accepted is that it took 38 punctures to open a can of combat rations.
关于它名字的由来有很多传说，但最普遍接受的说法是，它需要刺穿38个洞才能打开一罐战斗口粮。
Like the sandpaper masquerading as toilet role in Vietnam, the P38 was nicknamed John Wayne for its robustness.
就像在越南战争中伪装成厕纸的砂纸一样，P38因其坚固耐用而被昵称为约翰·韦恩。
The P38 was also incredibly versatile because similar to the Swiss Army Knife it had a number of extra functions.
P38也非常灵活，因为它与瑞士军刀类似，具有许多额外功能。
In addition to tins, it could open paint cans, bottles, and letters.
除了开罐头，它还可以打开油漆罐、瓶子和信件。
And instead of a can opener, it could be employed as a screwdriver, a chisel, a window scraper, a fish gutter, a marking tool, a toothpick, a tire deflator, a coffee stir, and perhaps most satisfyingly of all as an itch scratcher.
除了开罐器，它还可以用作螺丝刀、凿子、窗户刮刀、鱼水槽、标记工具、牙签、轮胎放气器、咖啡搅拌器，也许最令人满意的是，它还可以用作止痒器。
But the P38 was phased out of the military in the early 1980s, following the introduction of easy-to-open MRE pouches and was last manufactured by the US Army in the 1990s for a supplier of outdoor equipment.
但随着易于打开的MRE装备的推出，P38在20世纪80年代初逐渐退出军队，最后一次由美国陆军在20世纪90年代为一家户外装备供应商制造。
For many older veterans, the P38 is much more than just an accessory, it's an absolutely iconic piece of kit that more often than not ends up as a treasured family heirloom.
对于许多老兵来说，P38不仅仅是一个配件，它是一件绝对标志性的装备，往往会成为珍贵的传家宝。
There is a larger version of the can opener still used today called the P51.
如今仍在使用的开罐器还有一种更大的版本，称为P51。
It's used to open canned bulk meals, used in the military's tray rations.
它用于打开罐装散装食品，用于军队的浅盘口粮。
Due to their disposable nature, that can't be said of the other accessories on this list.
由于其一次性使用的特性，此列表中的其他装备就不具备这种特性。
That is unless John Wayne himself signed a roll of the MRE toilet paper so lovingly named after him.
除非约翰·韦恩亲自在以他的名字命名的MRE卫生纸卷上签名。
