评论
打印
This is THE INDICATOR FROM PLANET MONEY. I'm Darian Woods. And I'm Wailin Wong.
这里是THE INDICATOR FROM PLANET MONEY。我是Darian Woods。我是Wailin Wong。
Back in 2022, Rebecca Sowden spotted an ad for a bank. The bank was touting its higher-than-average interest rate for savings accounts.
早在2022年，Rebecca Sowden就发现了一则银行广告。这家银行宣传其储蓄账户的利率高于平均水平。
And I thought to myself - I thought all bank accounts were supposed to have, like, the same interest. I thought that was kind of the point of a bank account.
我心想——我认为所有银行账户都应该有相同的利息。我认为这就是银行账户的意义所在。
Rebecca was just a few years out of college, and she had a savings account at a major bank that was paying her just 0.01% interest. This other bank was offering an annual percentage yield, or an APY, of over 4% interest.
Rebecca刚从大学毕业几年，她在一家大型银行有一个储蓄账户，只向她支付0.01%的利息。这家银行提供的年收益率超过4%。
So Rebecca opened a new high-yield savings account with this other bank, and she kept shopping around. She has documented her personal finance experiences on TikTok, where she has over 90,000 followers.
因此，Rebecca在这家银行开设了一个新的高收益储蓄账户，并继续货比三家。她在TikTok上记录了她的个人理财经历，拥有超过90000名粉丝。
If I'm going to open a new account right now, I would not go anywhere with less than a 4% APY.
如果我现在要开一个新账户，我不会选择年利率低于4%的账户。
Now, you might think that with customers like Rebecca jumping to high-yield savings accounts, the biggest marquee-named banks would be aggressively upping their rates to attract more deposits.
现在，您可能会认为，随着像Rebecca这样的客户转向高收益储蓄账户，最大的知名银行将积极提高利率以吸引更多存款。
But the average national rate for savings accounts right now is just 0.45%.
但目前储蓄账户的全国平均利率仅为0.45%。
And this rate has barely budged, even though the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates to their highest level in over two decades. So do big banks even care about their savings account customers anymore?
尽管美联储已将利率提高到二十多年来的最高水平，但这一平均利率几乎没有变化。那么大银行还关心他们的储蓄账户客户吗？
Well, it depends who you are. Today on the show, why big banks aren't that interested in paying you interest on your plain vanilla savings account.
这取决于你是谁。今天的节目将讨论为什么大银行不那么愿意为你的普通储蓄账户支付利息。
To understand what goes on in the mind of a bank CEO, we called up Kiah Haslett. She's an editor at Bank Director, which is a company that puts on events and publishes a quarterly magazine aimed at bank executives.
为了了解银行首席执行官的想法，我们打电话给了Kiah Haslett。她是Bank Director的编辑，该公司举办活动并出版针对银行高管的季刊。
And Kiah says banks are actually paying out higher interest rates on deposits but only for certain customers.
Kiah说，银行其实正在为存款支付更高的利率，但仅限于某些客户。
They are large corporate accounts, and so a lot of these big banks are negotiating with customers on the rates that are paid on those large accounts, or they are saying, you know, we'll give you a discount on a loan you take with us if you bring your deposits in.
这些客户都是大型企业账户，因此许多大型银行正在与客户就这些大型账户的利率进行谈判，或者他们说，如果你把存款存入银行，我们会给你在我们这里贷款的折扣。
Looking at the earnings reports of major banks confirms that they have been broadly paying out more in interest.
看看各大银行的盈利报告，可以证实他们普遍支付了更多的利息。
In the most recent quarter, for example, Wells Fargo paid an average rate of 2.46% on its interest-bearing deposits. That's up nearly a percentage point from a year earlier.
例如，在最近一个季度，富国银行支付的利息存款平均利率为2.46%。这比去年同期上升了近一个百分点。
I imagine that's got to be an average because my bank account with a certain big-name bank is only giving me a pathetic 0.1% interest rate.
我想这肯定是一个平均值，因为我在某家大银行的银行账户只给我可怜的0.1%的利率。
Not that you're sore about it or anything, but yeah. No. I am pretty Zen until I think about it.
并不是说你对此很生气，但是是的。不。在我考虑这件事之前，我相当平静。
Yeah, you're right. The higher interest rate is not being paid out on your normie savings account.
是的，你是对的。更高的利率不会支付给您的普通储蓄账户。
The juicier rates come with products like CDs, AKA certificates of deposit - that's where money is locked up for a period of time, like three or six months - and, of course, higher rates on those corporate accounts we talked about.
更高的利率来自诸如CD存单（又称AKA存款证）之类的定期存款产品，即资金被锁定一段时间，例如三到六个月，当然，我们谈到的那些公司账户的利率更高。
Banks definitely want to hang onto those customers. So... Banks are paying more in deposits. They're just not paying it to us. OK.
银行肯定想留住这些客户。所以...银行支付的存款更多。他们只是没有把钱付给我们。好的。
And banks are wondering, you know, what is the price that I have to pay my depositors that will keep them happy?
银行想知道，我必须向储户支付什么价格才能让他们满意？
Because if they leave, in search of a higher rate, now I have to figure out how I'm going to replace the deposits.
因为如果他们为了寻求更高的利率而离开，现在我必须想办法替换存款。
And oftentimes, they will have to replace that deposit with a line of credit which carries the market rate.
而且很多时候，他们将不得不用具有市场利率的信用额度来替换该存款。
In other words, banks would have to borrow from elsewhere, which could be more expensive.
换句话说，银行必须从其他地方借款，这可能会更昂贵。
Researchers at the New York Fed have found that Fed interest rate hikes used to have a larger impact on the interest rates that banks paid us on deposits.
纽约联邦储备银行的研究人员发现，美联储加息过去对银行支付给我们的存款利率影响更大。
But since the Great Recession, banks have seen their deposits grow significantly. And because they're so flush with deposits, they didn't need to offer higher interest rates.
但自大萧条以来，银行的存款大幅增长。而且由于存款充裕，它们不需要提供更高的利率。
And Kiah says that for a long time, bank customers, everyday folks and companies were also pretty complacent. They would just leave their money in their accounts. It's what the industry calls sleepy money or sticky money.
Kiah说，长期以来，银行客户、普通民众和公司也相当自满。他们只会把钱留在账户里。这就是业内所说的sleepy money或sticky money。
Sounds like some of the characters from Snow White. Yeah, right? There's also grumpy money and bashful money. Yeah. I'm sure. I'm sure. My favorite - dopey money. The technical terms.
听起来像白雪公主里的某些角色。是的，对吧？还有grumpy money和bashful money。是的。我确定我最喜欢dopey money。这些都是技术术语。
It's a classic tale. Now, once upon a time, when interest rates were at or near zero, this money wasn't just sleepy; it was practically comatose.
这是一个经典故事。曾经，当利率为零或接近零时，这些钱不仅仅是sleepy；它实际上是comatose。
Depositors didn't have much incentive to take their money out because rates were at rock bottom pretty much everywhere. Now nap time is over, especially for these corporate accounts that banks depend on.
存款人没有太多动力将钱取出来，因为几乎所有地方的利率都处于最低水平。现在，午睡时间结束了，尤其是对于银行依赖的这些公司账户而言。
It's really easy for your money to go from sleepy to what we would call hot money. And the money is waking up.
你的钱很容易从沉睡状态变成我们所说的热钱。而这些钱正在苏醒。
There are a few reasons why these deposits have been roused from their deep slumber. First of all, as the Fed hiked interest rates, bank customers were finally motivated to look for higher returns on their money.
这些存款从沉睡中被唤醒有几个原因。首先，随着美联储加息，银行客户终于有动力寻求更高的资金回报。
One popular option was money market funds. These are funds that are invested in safe things like U.S. treasuries, and they're often used as close substitutes for traditional bank accounts.
一种流行的选择是货币市场基金。这些基金投资于美国国债等安全资产，通常被用作传统银行账户的近似替代品。
Data from the Kansas City Fed shows that between January 2022 and September of 2023, $900 billion flowed from bank deposits to money market funds. It's a lot of money on the move.
堪萨斯城联邦储备银行的数据显示，2022年1月至2023年9月期间，有9000亿美元从银行存款流向货币市场基金。这是一笔巨大的流动资金。
Another reason this sleepy money woke up is the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank in March of 2023.
这笔沉睡的资金苏醒的另一个原因是2023年3月硅谷银行倒闭。
Some corporate treasurers and CFOs took a second look at where they were keeping their money, and they shifted their deposits to money market funds or to larger banks.
一些企业财务主管和首席财务官重新审视了他们存放资金的地方，并将存款转移到货币市场基金或更大的银行。
And the third reason affects both corporate and everyday deposits, which is improved technology like mobile apps that let customers manage their money without needing to visit a bank branch.
第三个原因影响企业和日常存款，即移动应用程序等技术的改进，让客户无需前往银行分行即可管理资金。
Researchers from Columbia University and the University of Chicago recently released a paper showing that when the Fed hiked rates, digital banks saw more deposits walk out the door than traditional banks.
哥伦比亚大学和芝加哥大学的研究人员最近发表了一篇论文，表明当美联储加息时，数字银行的存款流失量比传统银行更多。
Kiah says the paper documents a kind of movement that's so gradual, some banks might be missing it.
Kiah说，这篇论文记录了一种非常渐进的趋势，一些银行可能没有注意到它。
This paper looked at the idea that if everyone learned how to online bank, either pre-pandemic or during the pandemic, and then interest rates have increased so much, are banks aware of their deposits walking?
这篇论文研究了这样一个想法：如果每个人都学会了网上银行，无论是在疫情前还是疫情期间，然后利率大幅上涨，银行是否意识到他们的存款在流失？
So to summarize, bank deposits have gone from sleepy to wide awake and walking away to look for higher returns. And yet big banks aren't paying everyday savers more for their deposits. What's happening is they are sweetening the deal for their corporate clients.
总而言之，银行存款已经从昏昏欲睡变成了清醒，为了寻求更高的回报而流失。然而，大银行并没有为日常储蓄者支付更多的存款。他们正在为企业客户提供更优惠的交易。
So where does this leave the ordinary everyday bank customer? Well, the big banks do still want these deposits, but they're not wooing customers by hiking rates on savings accounts.
那么，这对普通的日常银行客户来说意味着什么呢？大银行确实仍然想要这些存款，但他们并没有通过提高储蓄账户的利率来吸引客户。
Instead, they're offering other incentives, like one-time cash bonuses for setting up direct deposit. Maybe you've gotten these postcards in the mail.
相反，他们提供其他激励措施，比如为建立直接存款提供一次性现金奖励。也许你已经在邮件中收到了这些明信片。
I know I'm getting these now. Kiah says banks are hoping these kinds of promotions lead to more lucrative long-term relationships.
我知道我现在收到了这些。Kiah说，银行希望这些促销活动能带来更有利可图的长期关系。
They want you to deposit your money there, get your checking account, maybe get a credit card and then build the relationship forward.
他们希望你把钱存入银行，开立支票账户，也许办一张信用卡，然后建立关系。
They don't necessarily just want, you know, your emergency savings account that you never really access and you don't add any products on. You might almost be costing them money.
他们不一定只想要你从未真正访问过的应急储蓄账户，你也不会在上面添加任何产品。你可能几乎在浪费他们的钱。
Rebecca Sowden, the personal finance TikToker we heard from earlier, has accounts at six different banks. They include her childhood credit union and a few different high-yield savings accounts, like Ally, an online-only bank.
我们之前听说过的个人理财TikToker Rebecca Sowden在六家不同的银行都有账户。其中包括她童年时的信用合作社和一些不同的高收益储蓄账户，比如一家纯网络银行Ally。
Rebecca says she used to look for the highest rates. But the Fed has kept its rates unchanged for over a year, and it's now signaling that it might cut rates soon.
Rebecca说她过去总是寻找最高的利率。但美联储已经将利率维持了一年多不变，现在它暗示可能很快会降息。
Rebecca says she's already seen the annual percentage yields, or APYs, on her high-yield savings accounts coming down. So she now uses other criteria to shop around.
Rebecca说，她已经看到她的高收益储蓄账户的年收益率下降了。所以她现在使用其他标准来货比三家。
You hear about all these different banks, and each of them have a little bit something different. And it went from who has the highest APY to, OK, well, APY changes.
你听说过所有这些不同的银行，每家银行都有一点不同。从谁的年收益率最高变成了，好吧，年收益率会变化。
Like, it's not guaranteed indefinitely. So who's relatively consistent and has an interface that I'm comfortable with?
它不能无限期地保证。那么谁相对稳定并且拥有我满意的界面？
Darian, you should go shopping around, see if you can get something better than 0.1%. Yeah. I really should wake up and have a look around.
Darian，你应该四处逛逛，看看你能不能买到比0.1%更好的东西。是的。我真的应该醒过来看看周围。
Or you could just have your money in there and be grumpy about it. Grumpy money. I for sure have grumpy money.
或者你可以把钱放在那里，然后为此感到不高兴。Grumpy money。我的钱肯定不高兴。
I'm kind of irritated but don't quite have the motivation to do much about it. Yeah. Low-key irritated money.
我有点恼火，但没有足够的动力去做很多事情。是的。Low-key irritated money。
