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Corporate uniforms: A quarter of the American workforce wears one. Why?
公司制服：为什么四分之一的美国工作者需要穿制服？
If you work in a white-collar job in an office and make your way there this week, it is unlikely that anyone will be able to guess exactly what you do from your clothes.
如果你在办公室做白领工作，并在本周前往办公室，那么不太可能有人能够从你的衣着猜到你做什么工作。
That is not true for lots of the people you will interact with.
对于你将打交道的许多人来说，情况并非如此。
The bus driver who gets you to your destination, the barista who makes your coffee and the people on reception who wish you "good morning" as you enter the building-they, and many others, are likely to be wearing some kind of corporate uniform.
送你到目的地的公交车司机、为你煮咖啡的咖啡师，以及当你走进大楼时向你问好的前台，他们和其他许多人很可能都穿着某种公司制服。
A poll of American workers conducted last summer by Gallup found that although most employees wear casual clothes-some smart, some really not-almost a quarter donned a uniform.
盖洛普去年夏天对美国工作者进行的一项民意调查发现，虽然大多数员工穿着休闲服--有些人穿着光鲜，有些却不是--但近四分之一的人会穿制服。
For employers who require them, there are several arguments in favour of uniforms. They help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance.
对于要求穿制服的雇主来说，有几个理由支持穿制服。制服有助于确保外表上的专业性。
They project a brand identity, from the red coats of Virgin Atlantic crew to the "Browns" uniform of UPS delivery drivers.
制服展现了一种品牌身份，从维珍航空机组人员的红色外套到UPS快递送货司机的棕色制服都是如此。
They may have useful job-specific features: chefs' jackets are double-breasted to protect against burns and can be reversed to hide stains.
制服可能有特定工作用途：厨师服是双排扣的，可以防止烫伤，还可以翻过来掩盖污渍。
They send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions, avoiding those awkward "do you work here?" moments.
制服向顾客发出了明确的信号，告诉他们应该向谁提问，避免人们尴尬地去问"你在这里工作吗？"。
Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees.
制服也会影响员工的心理。
In one study Guillaume Pech of Universite Libre de Bruxelles and Emilie Caspar of Ghent University gave participants the option to administer electric shocks to other people in return for money; those dressed up in Red Cross uniforms showed more empathy than those in normal outfits.
在一项研究中，布鲁塞尔自由大学的纪尧姆·佩希和根特大学的艾米丽·卡斯帕让参与者可以选择对其他人实施电击以换取金钱，那些穿红十字会制服的人比那些穿普通服装的人表现出更多的同理心。
Xuehua Wang of Asia Europe Business School and her co-authors found that formal clothes made people more likely to make healthy eating choices.
亚欧商学院的王雪华及其合著者发现，正式的服装让人们更有可能做出健康的饮食选择。
The obvious objection to uniforms, at least from people who do not wear them, is that they suppress individuality and autonomy.
对制服的明显反对理由，至少是那些不穿制服的人的反对意见，是制服压抑了个性和自主性。
But employees who do not have to wear a formal uniform often gravitate towards a costume anyway.
但那些不是必须穿正式制服的员工，无论怎样都还是会倾向于穿某种工作服。
Some coders seem to be under an unspoken obligation to wear T-shirts. The combination of shirt, trousers and Patagonia gilet is known as the "midtown uniform" for finance types in New York.
一些程序员似乎有一种不成文的义务，那就是穿T恤。衬衣、长裤和巴塔哥尼亚牌的厚马甲搭配被称为纽约金融人的"市中心制服"。
Executives wear cultlike corporate lapel pins. Celebrity bosses build brands by wearing the same outfit day after day.
高管们像入了邪教一样在西装翻领上别着公司徽章胸针。有名的老板们通过日复一日地穿着相同的衣服来打造自己的品牌。
You may not be required to don a uniform when you head off to work. You may nonetheless be wearing one.
你去上班时，可能没有被要求穿制服。尽管如此，你可能仍然穿着一件制服。
