NBC原文：

Mikhail Gorbachev, the final leader of the Soviet Union and a reformer who helped end the Cold War and lead his country from communism to capitalism, died Tuesday at 91, according to the Gorbachev Foundation.“Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev died this evening after a serious and long illness,” the Central Clinical Hospital reported.

据戈尔巴乔夫基金会消息，苏联最后一位领导人、帮助结束冷战、带领国家从共产主义走向资本主义的改革者米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫周二去世，享年91岁。据俄总统事务局中央临床医院消息，“米哈伊尔·谢尔盖耶维奇·戈尔巴乔夫久病不治，于今晚去世。”

1.Mikhail Gorbachev 米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫

2.Soviet Union 苏联

3.Cold War 冷战

4.communism 共产主义

5.capitalism 资本主义

Born in the village of Privolnoye, Gorbachev grew up a committed communist during World War II. After he graduated from Moscow State University with a law degree in 1955, he rose through the ranks of the Communist Party and ascended to its top position — general secretary — in March 1985. Gorbachev ushered in sweeping changes like “perestroika” and “glasnost,” reforms that sought to restructure the Soviet Union’s lagging economy and make its government more transparent.

戈尔巴乔夫出生于普利沃尔诺耶村，在二战期间，成长为一名坚定的共产主义者。他于1955年从莫斯科国立大学法学学位毕业后，在党内的职级慢慢上升，并于1985年3月升至最高职位——总书记。戈尔巴乔夫推行了“改革”和“公开化”等全面改革，旨在重组苏联落后的经济，让政府更加透明。

6.World War II 第二次世界大战

7.perestroika n.（20世纪80年代末苏联在政治、社会和经济方面所作的）改革

8.glasnost n.公开性；公开化（指戈尔巴乔夫于20世纪80年代在苏联倡导的允许公开讨论国家所面临问题的政策）