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Blood Disorders
血液病
Before we study about blood disorders, we must know the composition of blood in a healthy individual.
在我们研究血液疾病之前，我们必须了解一个健康个体的血液成分。
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells.
血液是人类和其他动物体内的一种体液，它向细胞输送营养物质和氧气等必要物质。
In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.
在脊椎动物中，它是由悬浮在血浆中的血细胞组成的。
The blood cells are mainly red blood cells also called RBCs or erythrocytes.
血细胞主要是红细胞，也叫RBCs或红血球。
White blood cells, also called WBCs or leukocytes and platelets.
白细胞，也叫WBCs或白细胞和血小板。
Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water, 92% by volume, and contains dissipated proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones and carbon dioxide.
血浆占血液液体的55%，主要是水(体积占92%)，含有分散的蛋白质、葡萄糖、矿物离子、激素和二氧化碳。
All the blood cells family work together and maintain your body so that you are healthy and strong.
所有的血细胞家族一起工作，维护你的身体，让你健康强壮。
The blood cells transport oxygen to your body's organs and tissues.
血细胞将氧气输送到你身体的器官和组织。
White blood cells help your body fight infections.
白血球帮助你的身体抵抗感染。
Platelets, a tiny molecules that stick up together and build a clot on bleeding wounds.
血小板是一种微小的分子，在出血的伤口上形成凝块。
All three cell types formed in the bone marrow which is the soft tissue inside your bones.
所有这三种细胞类型都是在骨髓中形成的，骨髓是骨骼内的软组织。
Your body needs millions of blood cells produced by bone marrow to carry out vital functions.
你的身体需要数百万个由骨髓产生的血细胞来执行重要功能。
But sometimes, bone marrow cannot work properly due to certain factors and results in blood cell disorders.
但有时，由于某些因素，导致血细胞紊乱，导致骨髓不能正常工作。
A blood cell disorder is a condition in which there’s a problem with your red blood cells, white blood cells or the smaller circulating cells called platelets.
血细胞紊乱是指你的红细胞、白细胞或称为血小板的较小的循环细胞出现问题。
Blood cell disorders impair the formation and function of one or more of these types of blood cells.
血细胞紊乱损害一种或多种血细胞的形成和功能。
Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders.
地中海贫血是一组遗传性血液疾病。
These disorders are caused by genetic mutations that prevent the normal production of hemoglobin.
这些疾病是由阻止血红蛋白正常产生的基因突变引起的。
Hemoglobin is the carrier molecule which carries the oxygen obtained during the process of respiration.
血红蛋白是携带呼吸过程中获得的氧气的载体分子。
When red blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin, oxygen doesn’t get to all parts of the body.
当红细胞没有足够的血红蛋白时，氧气就无法到达身体的各个部位。
Organs then do not function properly.
这样，器官就不能正常运作了。
These disorders can result in: - bone deformities - enlarged spleen - heart problems - growth and developmental delays in children.
这些疾病会导致：骨骼畸形；脾脏增大；心脏问题；儿童生长发育迟缓。
People who suffer from thalassemia need to undergo regular blood transfusions to maintain healthy RBCs and hemoglobin level in the body.
患有地中海贫血的人需要定期输血，以保持体内健康的红细胞和血红蛋白水平。
