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Are you a universal donor?
你是万能捐赠者吗？
Or universal recipient?
还是万能的接受者？
The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood type.
通用红细胞捐献者血型为O型阴性血。
The universal plasma donor has Type AB positive blood type.
通用血浆捐献者是AB型血。
Blood Transfusion
输血
Blood transfusion is a medical term.
输血是一个医学术语。
It means a procedure used to transfer blood, or some products based on blood, from the circulatory system of one human to that of another human.
它指的是将血液或一些基于血液的产品从一个人的循环系统转移到另一个人的循环系统的过程。
Blood types are very important when a blood transfusion is necessary.
当需要输血时，血型非常重要。
In a blood transfusion, a patient must receive a blood type compatible with his or her own blood type.
在输血时，患者必须输入与其自身血型相匹配的血型。
If the blood types are not compatible, red blood cells will clump together, making clots that can block blood vessels causing a potentially fatal situation.
如果两种血型不相配，红细胞就会聚集在一起，形成凝块，阻塞血管，造成潜在的致命情况。
Therefore, it is important that blood types can be matched before blood transfusions take place.
因此，在输血之前，血型匹配是很重要的。
In an emergency, type O blood can be given because it is most likely to be accepted by all blood types.
在紧急情况下，可以输O型血，因为它最有可能被所有血型的患者接受。
However, there is still a risk involved.
然而，其中仍然存在风险。
Why Blood Transfusions are Performed?
为什么要输血？
1) Loss of blood during surgery or from an injury or an illness.
1) 手术中失血、受伤失血、疾病失血。
2) An inability to make enough blood.
2)不能产生足够的血液。
Some illnesses and treatments can harm the bone marrow's ability to make blood, e.g. Chemotherapy decreases production of new blood cells.
一些疾病和治疗会损害骨髓的造血能力，例如化疗会减少新血细胞的产生。
3) To prevent complications from an existing blood or bleeding disorder, such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, or anaemia caused by kidney disease, haemophilia, or von Willebrand disease.
3)预防现有血液或出血性疾病的并发症，如镰状细胞病、地中海贫血或由肾脏疾病、血友病或血管性血友病引起的贫血。
Preparing for a Blood Donation
献血前的准备
If your child needs a blood transfusion, the doctor will speak to you about the procedure.
如果你的孩子需要输血，医生会告诉你程序。
If you have questions, be sure to ask.
如果你有问题，一定要问。
When you feel comfortable with the information and your questions have been fully answered, you will be asked to sign an informed consent form.
当您对这些信息感到满意，并且您的问题已得到充分回答时，您将被要求签署一份知情同意书。
This form states that you understand the procedure and its risks and you give your permission for your child to have the blood transfusion.
这份表格表明您了解输血程序及其风险，并允许您的孩子输血。
If the situation is not a life- threatening emergency, two tests will be done before the transfusion: Blood typing and Cross-Matching.
如果情况不是危及生命的紧急情况，在输血前将进行两项检查：血型和交叉配型。
