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Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
欢迎来到英格威英语学习网。我是亚当。
Today's lesson comes from a request by a few students actually about how to use the verb: "look".
有一些同学想让我们讲讲如何使用look这个动词 于是就有了今天这个视频
Especially when I have: "look", "look like", "look alike", "look as if", "look as though".
尤其是这些：“look”，“look like”，“look alike”，“look as if”，“look as though”。
So what we're going to do is we're going to explain the different uses
我们要做的是 我们要讲它不同的用法
because this is a very common verb and very useful for everybody to know. So first, let's look at the plain verb: "look".
因为这是一个非常常见的动词 对大家都很有用 首先 我们来看动词“look”本身
"He looks happy.", "She looks sad." In this case, very straightforward.
他看起来很高兴 她看起来很悲伤 这个说法，非常直截了当。
The verb means have the appearance of, to appear in a certain way.
它的意思是有何种外表，以哪种方式出现。
So it's always about physical appearance, what the eyes can see. "He looks sad." Means maybe has a frown.
所以它总是关于外表的，眼睛看到的东西。“他看起来很伤心。”意思是可能他有皱眉。
"Looks happy." Big smile. Right? Doesn't matter what the appearance is, that's what we use "look" for.
“看起来开心。”大笑。外表如何并不重要，这就是“look”的用处。
"Look" plus usually an adjective or etcetera. Now, "look like".
“look”后面通常跟一个形容词或其它词汇。现在来看“look like”。
Technically, this "like" is a preposition, it's a verb plus a preposition.
严格来说，这个“like”是一个介词，它由一个动词和介词组成。
Now, many people will say: "It looks like it's going to rain."
很多人会说：“看起来要下雨了。”
Now, does this seem like a good sentence to you, like a correct sentence to you? "It looks like it's going to rain."
你感觉这是一个好句子吗，这是一个正确的句子吗？“看起来要下雨了。”
If you say: "Yes", don't worry - most people, including native English speakers will say this sentence.
如果你说：“是的”，别担心，大多数人，包括英语为母语的人都会说这个句子。
"Oh, it looks like it's going to rain." Clouds, grey clouds, a little bit chilly, looks like it's going to rain.
“看起来要下雨了。”云，灰色的云，有一点冷，看起来要下雨了。
Technically, this is incorrect. You could say: "It looks like rain."
严格来说，这个句子是不正确的。你可以说：“看起来要下雨了。”
That would be okay. After "like" which is a preposition-okay?-you cannot have a clause, you cannot have a subject and verb.
这样说是没问题的。在介词“like”后面，你不能跟一个从句，你不能跟一个主语和动词。
You can only have a noun or an adjective, etcetera. "It looks like rain."
你只能跟一个名词和形容词，等等。“看起来要下雨。”
That's the... That's the appearance we have. Okay? But again, many, many people including native English speakers use this incorrectly.
这个是...这个是我们要的表达。但是，很多人，包括英语为母语的人都会错用。
If you do, don't worry about it. Everybody will understand you. If you're writing an academic PhD thesis, don't do that.
如果你说了这个句子，别担心。大家都会听明白的。如果你是在写一篇学术博士论文，不要用它。
Now, when can I use a clause after "like"? After "look", I'm sorry.
我何时能在“look”后面跟一个从句呢？
You can do it with the conjunction: "as". Okay? "Looks"... "Look as if" or: "Look as though" is a verb and a conjunction.
你可以在跟连词使用时跟从句：“as”。“Look as if”或者：“look as though”由一个动词和连词组成。
After a conjunction, you can have the subordinate clause. A comparative adverb clause with a subject and a verb.
在连词后，你可以用从句。有主语和动词的比较状语从句。
"It looks as if it was going to rain.", "It looks as if it were going to rain."
“看起来好像要下雨了”，“看起来好像要下雨了”。
"It looks as though it was going to rain." Okay? Or: "It looked as though it was going to rain."
“看起来好像要下雨了。”好吧？或者：“看起来好像要下雨了。”
Now, we'll get back to that in a second. We also have: "look alike". Okay?
我们稍后再讲这个。我们还有“look alike”。
This is a verb plus an adjective. "Look alike" is when two things look similar to each other.
它由动词和形容词组成。“look alike”是指两个东西看起来相似。
So Bob and his brother, Bill, really look alike. Means they look like brothers, they look almost the same or very similar. Right?
所以鲍勃和他哥哥比尔长得很像。意思是他们看起来像兄弟，他们看起来几乎一样或非常相似。
Keep in mind you can also have a "lookalike" which is a noun actually.
要知道还有一个名词形式“lookalike”。
Now, if you ever go to Las Vegas, you will see many men especially,
如果你去拉斯维加斯，你会看到很多男人，
I'm sure women do it as well, but many men dressed like Elvis Presley.
我相信女人也会这样做，但很多男人穿得像猫王。
You know, they have the hair, they have that suit, the glasses - they are called lookalikes, they're impersonators.
他们留着猫王的发型，穿着猫王的衣服，戴着猫王的眼睛-他们是模仿者，模仿名人的人。
They pretend to be somebody else; they dress the same, they look the same, they act the same, speak the same, etcetera.
他们假装是别人；他们的穿着一样，看起来一样，动作一样，讲话方式一样，等等。
Lots of places you will see like Princess Diana lookalikes or-what's her name?-Kate now. Kate? Yeah, that's the new princess.
在很多地方，你会看到戴安娜王妃的模仿者，或者是凯特的模仿者。是的，就是那个新王妃。
Lots of lookalikes, people pretend to look like that. Now, "look as if", "look as though".
很多的模仿者，他们假装是那个人。“look as if“，”look as though“。
I've done a bit of research on this because someone asked me to find out what the difference is.
我做了一些研究，问我两者的区别。
Most teachers, many books, if not, most books will tell you that there is absolutely no difference between the two.
很多的老师，很多的书，大多数书会告诉你这两者之间绝对没有区别。
So if you interchange them, if you use them the same way, one or the other...
如果你交换他们，如果你以同样的方式使用它们...
"It looks like it's like...", "It looks as if it were going to rain."
看起来，“看起来要下雨了”。
"It looks as though it were going to rain." No problem, everybody will understand you.
“看起来要下雨了。”没问题，大家都能听懂的。
If you write it, also, probably no problem. I'll tell you how I personally use the two a little bit differently. Okay?
写作的话，可能也没问题。我会告诉大家我使用这两个词时的细微差别。
For me, "looks as if" talks about a possibility. Okay?
我认为，“look as if”谈论的是一种可能性。
It might be that way, it's more of a hypothetical because of the word: "if".
可能是这样的，它更多是一种假设，因为这个单词：“if”。
We usually use "if" as a hypothetical; maybe yes, maybe no, we don't really know, possible.
我们通常用“if”作为假设，或许是，或许不是，我们不知道，有可能。
"Looks as though" I would say is a bit more probable, a probability.
“look as though”我会说是更加有可能。
So: "It looks as if it were going to rain." Okay? It looks like it might, but we don't know, it might not rain.
“看起来像是要下雨了。”看起来可能，但是我们不知道，可能不会下。
We don't really have enough reason to think, it's just possible.
我们真的没有足够的理由去思考，这只是可能的。
"Yeah, looks like... Looks as though it's going to rain." I'm a little bit more sure because I can see the thunder...
“是的，看起来...看起来要下雨了。”我就是有一些确定了，因为我可以看到打雷...
Or I can hear the thunder, I can see the lightning; I have more reason to believe so.
我可以听到打雷，我可以看到闪电；我有更多的理由去这样认为。
Now, again, there's no rule. If you want to use them the same way, go ahead.
再说一次，没有规则。如果你想用同样的方式使用它们，没问题。
Now, as far as the "were" here, this is part of the subjunctive voice.
至于这里的“were”，是虚拟语气的用法。
Usually with "if", we're going to use "were" in the past tense.
通常使用“if”，我们会使用过去式“were”。
"He", "she", "it", "I", "you", "everybody" - "were". With "though", you would use "was", not "were".
他，她，它，我，你，大家，都用“were”。“though”的话，你就要使用“was”，而不用“were”。
But, again, people are not very strict about this particular expression, this particular clause.
但是，再说一次，人们对这个表达方式不是很严格，这个从句。
If you say: "Looked as if it was going to rain." Okay. Okay?
如果你说：“看起来好像要下雨了”。
In terms of the different verbs you're going to use, depends on the context and the situation.
至于你将要使用的不同动词，这取决于语境和情景。
But think of this as the adjective... As the conjunction for the clause and the verb will match the situation, not the clause itself.
把它看作是形容词...看作从句的连词，动词会匹配上这个情景，而不是从句本身。
There's no rule, particular rule that you have to follow. It's all about context.
没有规则，没有你必须要遵循的特定的规则。一切都与语境有关。
"Look", appearance. "Look like", resemble something. "Look alike", two things, or three things, or many things look similar.
“look”是外表。“look alike”，像某物。“look like”是指两个东西，三个东西，或者很多东西看起来相似。
"Look as if", it's possibly going to happen, it seems to be, appears to be.
“look as if”，它有可能会发生，似乎会发生，好像会发生。
"Looks as though", I'm pretty sure, it's more probable, in my case.
“look as though”，我很肯定，更有可能，就我而言。
You do as suits you I think the best. Again, if you want to practice this, go to www.engvid.com, there's a quiz there that you can practice.
你就遵从适合你的用法。再说一次，如果你想练习，请登录英格威学习网，这里有一个小测验，你可以练习一下。
Ask your questions. I'll be happy to give you more examples. And come back again.
询问问题。我会给你更多例子。我会再次回来。
