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Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin!
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想。
A lot of people talk about autism, but not everyone understands what it is.
很多人都在谈论自闭症，但并不是每个人都知道它是什么。
Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, affects how people communicate with and relate to others.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)影响人们如何与他人交流和联系。
This isn't the same as being shy or not knowing what to say.
这和害羞或者不知道说什么不一样。
Most people with autism don't understand some of the basic social conventions that others take for granted.
大多数自闭症患者不理解一些基本的社会习俗，而其他人认为这些习俗是理所当然的。
They might have trouble making eye contact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures.
他们可能在眼神交流、交谈或识别手势上有困难。
And over one-third of people with ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don't use speech.
超过三分之一的自闭症患者是非语言的，这意味着他们不使用言语。
Along with communication issues, people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or repeated behaviors.
除了沟通问题，自闭症患者通常喜欢遵循某些模式或重复的行为。
Many have a sensitivity to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects.
许多人对强光或噪音敏感，还有一些人有身体问题，比如走路或捡小物件有困难。
Some have intellectual disabilities, but about half have average or above average IQs.
有些人有智力缺陷，但大约有一半的人的智商相当于或高于平均水平。
It's also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory for certain details, and many excel in math, science, music, or art.
对于自闭症患者来说，对某些细节有长期记忆也很常见，很多人擅长数学、科学、音乐或艺术。
With such a wide variety of symptoms, no two people with ASD are alike. The behaviors vary so much that they used to be classified as different disorders.
ASD有很多不同的的症状，因此没有两个ASD患者是相似的。这些行为的差异非常大，甚至曾经被归类为不同的病症。
One was Asperger Syndrome, where people obsess over particular topics, miss nonverbal social cues, and may not understand appropriate social behavior.
一种是阿斯伯格综合症，人们沉迷于特定的话题，忽略非语言的社会暗示，可能不理解常见的社会行为。
In 2013, scientists realized that the boundary between Asperger Syndrome and some of the other disorders was fuzzy, so they decided to put them all under one name.
2013年，科学家们意识到阿斯伯格综合症和其他一些疾病之间的界限并不清晰，所以他们决定把它们都归到一个名字之下。
This made it easier to diagnose autism, which is important. The younger someone is diagnosed, the earlier they can get help.
这使得诊断自闭症更容易，这一点很重要。确诊时年龄越小，他们得到帮助的时间就越早。
In fact, many children who have autism will show signs by two years old, including not responding to their name, avoiding eye contact, and flapping their hands or rocking repeatedly.
事实上，许多患有自闭症的儿童在两岁时就会表现出症状，包括听到自己的名字没反应，避免眼神接触，拍手或反复摇晃。
Even though there's no cure for ASD, therapy and medication can help people adjust. Scientists are also doing clinical trials to find other solutions.
尽管ASD无法治愈，但是治疗和药物可以帮助人们做出调整。科学家们还在进行临床试验，寻找其他解决方案。
They've learned that 1 out of every 68 of children in the US has the disorder, but they still aren't sure what causes it.
他们了解到美国每68个孩子中就有一个患有这种疾病，但他们仍然不确定是什么导致了这种疾病。
Autism is over four times more common in boys than girls, and most scientists think genes play a role because it often runs in families.
自闭症的男孩比女孩多4倍，大多数科学家认为基因在其中起作用，因为它经常在家庭中遗传。
Some people with ASD have abnormal chromosomes, but this can't be the whole story. There are people with the same gene changes who don't have autism.
有些患有自闭症的人有不正常的染色体，但这不可能是全部解释。有同样的基因改变的人并没有自闭症。
Other possible causes include having older parents, being exposed to high levels of testosterone in the womb, and having complications during pregnancy or birth.
其他可能的原因包括父母年纪大，在子宫中暴露于高水平的睾丸激素，在怀孕或出生时出现并发症。
It may even have something to do with gut bacteria, since many autistic people have gastrointestinal issues.
它甚至可能与肠道细菌有关，因为许多自闭症患者都有肠胃问题。
But most likely, it's a combination of many factors. The one thing scientists know for sure is that vaccines do NOT cause autism.
但最可能的是，这是多种因素的组合。科学家们确信的是，疫苗不会引起自闭症。
No matter why it happens, ASD is being diagnosed at a higher rate every year. This doesn't mean it's becoming more common.
无论什么原因，ASD的诊断率每年都在提高。这并不意味着它变得越来越普遍。
It just means more people are aware of the condition and getting diagnosed early. And awareness is crucial.
这只是意味着更多的人意识到这一状况并提前得到诊断。而意识是至关重要的。
The more we learn about autism, the more we can understand and relate to those who have it.
我们对自闭症了解得越多，我们就越能理解自闭症患者并与之建立联系。
It's important to note that people with ASD deserve the same respect, fairness and chances that people without ASD receive.
值得注意的是，患有自闭症谱系障碍的人应该与没有自闭症谱系障碍的人一样，得到同样的尊重、公平和机会。
This will help people with ASD adapt and grow in our communities.
这将有助于ASD患者在我们身边适应环境，健康成长。
We've put some resources in the description if you would like to learn more about ASD and figure out what you can do to help.
如果您想了解更多关于ASD的信息，想知道您可以为他们做些什么，我们在描述中提供了一些参考资料。
Is there another disorder or any other topic you would like us to talk about?
还有其他疾病或者其他你想让我们讨论的话题吗？
Let us know in the comment section below and if you would like to learn more about OCD we made a video on just that. Check it out.
在评论部分告诉我们吧。如果你想了解更多关于强迫症的事，我们制作了一个视频。去看一下吧。
Or if they're obsessed with safety, they might force themselves to check that the doors are locked and the stove is off dozens of times before they can leave the house.
或者，如果他们过于担心安全，他们可能会在离开家之前，强迫自己去检查几十次门是不是锁上了，炉子是不是已经关了。
My name is Blocko. This has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to keep on thinking.
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
