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Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin.
嘿！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想。
Growing old is a fact of life, or is it? What if I told you it was possible to stay young forever?
衰老是生命的事实，不是吗？如果我告诉你，青春可以永驻呢?
No, this isn't some infomercial for my new cosmetics line, Pixelface. Though my skin does look flawless, if I do say so myself.
不，这不是我的新化妆品系列，Pixelface的广告片。虽然我的皮肤看起来完美无瑕，如果我真的敢这么说的话。
No, I'm talking about biologically staying young forever. Is modern science navigating its way to the Fountain of Youth?
不，我说的是生理上永远保持年轻。现代科学真的正在走向青春之泉吗?
Grab your compass, well we are gonna find out! Let's start by looking at why we age in the first place.
拿上你的指南针，我们来探究一下！先来看看我们为什么会变老。
When your DNA replicates, mistakes can be made that lead to changes in the DNA sequence.
DNA复制的时候，可能会发生错误，导致DNA序列的改变。
These mistakes are usually fixed, but sometimes they slip through the cracks, leaving your DNA damaged. And this decay has been directly linked to aging.
这些错误通常是固定的，但有时它们会钻空子，使你的DNA受损。这种损伤与衰老有直接联系。
If the damage gets too bad, the cell with that DNA will die or enter a process called senescence, which means it won't replicate.
如果损伤太严重，该DNA所在的细胞就会死亡或进入衰老过程，这意味着它不会复制。
These non-replicating cells may speed up the process of aging by releasing inflammatory proteins.
这些不复制的细胞可能释放炎症蛋白，加速衰老过程。
Even in their dead dormancy, these cells wear down your internal economy like that bully who keeps asking for lunch money.
即使是在死气沉沉的休眠状态下，这些细胞也会消耗你的内部机体，就像那个不停地索要午餐钱的恶霸。
Dang it Triangle Bob, not again! One of the worst forms of DNA damage is with your chromosomes' telomeres.
该死的三角形鲍勃，别再来了！最糟糕的DNA损伤形式之一发生在染色体端粒。
Telomeres are at the ends of your chromosomes, protecting the DNA. Most telomeres shrink every time their cell divides.
端粒位于染色体的末端，保护着DNA。大多数的端粒在细胞分裂时都会收缩。
And once they become too short, the cell dies or becomes one of those free-loading senescent cells.
一旦它们变得太短，细胞就会死亡，或者成为一个吃白食的衰老细胞。
The rent is due, buddy. So, maybe a way to stay young is to simply find a way to replenish the telomeres?
交房租了，兄弟。所以，也许保持年轻的方法就是找到一种补充端粒的方法？
Well, every cell in your body actually has the genetic code to do this, but the answer isn't that simple because most of your cells don't replenish their telomeres to protect the body from cancer.
你体内的每一个细胞都遗传密码可以这样做，但答案并不是那么简单，因为你的大部分细胞都不会补充自己的端粒，以保护身体免受癌症的侵害。
Your cell's mitochondria may also hold secrets for delaying the aging process. You remember those, right? Say it with me now; The Mitochondria is the Powerhouse of the Cell!
你的细胞线粒体中可能也有延缓衰老的秘密。你还记得那些，对吧？现在就跟我念，线粒体是细胞的动力源！
That's at least one thing I remember from High School. Still don't know how this thing works, they never told me.
这至少是我高中时记得的一件事。还不知道这件事是怎么回事，他们从没告诉过我。
Anyway, it seems as though the right amount of stress and oxidation to your mitochondria is key to staying younger.
无论如何，似乎线粒体受到适量的压力和氧化才是保持年轻的关键。
The theory used to be that all the free-radical damage to your mitochondria would cause you to age faster.
过去的理论认为，所有自由基对线粒体的损害都会使你衰老得更快。
However, due to recent studies, stressing your mitochondria seems to actually extend your lifespan.
然而，最近的研究发现，线粒体受到的压力实际上延长了寿命。
This is provided that the damage isn't too severe. I guess what doesn't kill you truly does make you stronger.
当然，前提是损伤不是太严重。我想，杀不死你的东西会让你变得更坚强。
But maybe we can learn something from another animal, like the Immortal Jellyfish.
但也许我们可以从另一种动物身上学到一些东西，比如长生不死的水母。
As a survival method, the jellyfish can leap back to when they were a baby.
水母可以跳回婴儿时代，这是一种生存方法。
They do this through transdifferentiation, where their adult cells can revert back to an entirely different cell.
它们通过转分化来完成这一过程，在转分化中它们的成年细胞可以恢复成全新的细胞。
But what if we just became vampires instead? Well, It's actually less science-fiction than you'd think.
但如果我们变成了吸血鬼呢？实际上，它并没有你想象的那么科幻。
Researchers were able to surgically join mice with younger ones so that the pair shared the same blood circulation.
研究人员通过手术，让年老的老鼠和年轻的老鼠共用一个血液循环系统。
By having the younger blood flow through their body, age-related heart conditions in the older mice were actually reversed!
让年轻的血液流经年老的身体，年老老鼠的与年龄相关的心脏状况呈现出了相反的状态！
Maybe Dracula was on to something! So what do you think? Would you want to stay young forever?
也许德古拉有什么了不起的！你是怎么想的？你想永远年轻吗？
Let me know in the comments below. Scientists are always looking for new ways to increase the lifespan of you humans.
请在下面的评论中告诉我。科学家们一直在寻找增加人类寿命的新方法。
One way is genetic modification. To learn how this works, make sure to check out this video.
一种方法是基因改造。要了解它的原理，请查看这个视频。
And these sequences are vital to that organism's immune system.
这些序列对生物体的免疫系统至关重要。
See, if a virus invades a bacterial cell, that virus' genome, or complete set of DNA, contains the information to keep replicating.
如果病毒侵入细菌细胞，病毒的基因组，或整套DNA，包含了要复制的信息。
And if the bacterium wants to survive, that replication needs to stop.
如果细菌想存活，复制就需要停止。
And therefore, its immune system needs to destroy the viral genome.
因此，它的免疫系统需要破坏病毒基因组。
There's a link in the description if you're on mobile.
如果你是在手机上观看的，描述区有链接。
As always, my name is Bloko, this has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to keep on thinking.
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
