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Hi again, I'm Adam, welcome back to engvid. com, today's lesson is for the IELTS students who are going to be taking the IELTS test.
大家好，我是Adam，欢迎回到engvid. com，今天的课程是为要参加雅思考试的学生准备的。
It's for everybody, to be honest with you, this lesson is useful for anybody who needs to do some writing.
这是为所有人准备的，说实话，这个课程对所有要写作文的人都有用。
But it's especially for those of you who are going to take the test.
但这是特别为要参加雅思考试的人准备的。
And because it's for the test, I'm going to start speaking in a little bit more natural speed, going to kill two birds with one stone-- get a little bit of a listening practice and some information.
因为这是为考试准备的，所以我会开始用比较自然的语速讲话，做到一石二鸟——既让你们稍微练习一下听力，又给你们分享了一些信息。
Okay, so let's get started.IELTS academic task task one, what is this task ask you to do?
好的，那我们开始吧。雅思考试作文部分第一题，这一题要求你们做什么呢？
It asks you to look at an infographic. What is an infographic?
它会要求你们看一个infographic（信息图）。infographic是什么？
Information graphic, it is going to give you a bar...a bar chart or graph, diagram, a pie chart, table, all kinds of things.
它是information graphic的组合词，在这一题中，你们会看到一个条形图，图表、饼状图、表格，各种类型的图表。
It's going to ask you to take this graphic visual with whatever information is in it, convert it into words and sentences.Okay? very straightforward.
会让你们看看图表中的信息，把它转化成文字和句子。知道了吗？非常直接。
Now if you look on engvid. com, excuse me, Emma, a colleague of mine did a great...a very good lesson on how to score high on...on this task, excuse me.
如果你们去engvid. com网站上看看，我的一个同事Emma做了一个如何在这一题取得高分的课程，这个课程很不错，不好意思。
Watch that video, but this is a little bit different, she was talking about how to write, I'm going to tell you what to write. Okay?
你们可以看看那个视频，不过这个视频有点不同，她讲的是如何写作，而我要告诉你们的是写什么。
One of the most...the most difficult aspects of this task is looking at this information graphic and knowing what information to pick out and include in your report.
这一题最困难的部分是看这种信息图，弄清楚哪些信息要挑出来并且写进你们的报告里。
Okay? And that's what it is, it's a report.Now because we're talking about a report, it's very important to remember that a report is not an essay.
知道了吗？那就是这一题的题型，要写一篇报告。因为我们要讲的是报告，所以你们要记住报告并不是作文，这一点很重要。
It has a very different structure, it has very different requirements. Okay?Let's start, what are we going to write?
报告的结构非常不同，要求很不一样，知道了吗？我们开始吧，我们要写什么呢？
They ask you to write a minimum of 150 words, your target is 170 to 190.
题目会要求你们写一篇最少150个单词的报告，而你们的目标是170到190个单词。
150 is just not enough and you don't want to go under, because why lose points that way?
150个单词根本不够，你们就更不要想写少于那个字数了，因为，为什么要这样失分呢？
In from 172 to 190 you'll get everything you need to say.Now let's look at the introduction.
在170个单词到190个单词之间，你们可以写出所有需要表达的内容。现在我们来看看开头部分。
Okay? Very different from an essay, yes, introduction is going to be very short, one to two sentences.
这和作文非常不同，是的，开头部分要非常简短，一到两个句子就可以了。
Once you start your third sentence, you're saying too much, you are saying more than you need to say.
一旦你们开始写了第三个句子，那你们就写得太多了，比你们需要写出来的内容多。
What do you have to say in the introduction? What am I looking at.
在开头部分要写些什么？写你们看到的内容。
That's all they want you to do in the introduction: what am I looking at.
他们就想让你们在开头写这个内容：我看到的是什么。
I'm looking at a graph, I'm looking at a table, this table shows, this table demonstrates, this diagram shows, illustrates, demonstrates...
我看到的是一个图表，一个表格，这个表格显示，这个表格阐明，这个图表显示、说明、阐明（shows, illustrates, demonstrates）......
You don't need that many words "illustrates, demonstrates, shows", whatever they wrote in the task, use one of the other words in your introduction.
你们不需要一下写那么多词，不用把"illustrates, demonstrates, shows"都写出来，无论题目中给出的是哪个动词，你们在开头部分用另外的任何一个词都行。
Okay? Basically that's what you're doing, you are rephrasing the task, they tell you what you're looking at.
知道了吗？基本上那就是你们要做的事，你们要把题目重述一遍，他们会告诉你们你们要看什么。
They say look at the following graph about this and that, and summarize what it says.
他们会说，请看下列关于什么什么的图表，并概括图表内容。
Okay? This graph shows blah blah blah.Okay? Now "I, me, we", this is a very common mistake people make.
知道了吗？你们在开头部分要写：“This graph shows......”现在讲讲"I, me, we"，这是人们经常会犯的错误。
In your introduction, in your entire report for task one, there should never be the word "I", there should never be the word "me" or "we".
在你们的开头部分，在第一题的整篇报告中，永远都不应该出现"I"这个词，永远都不要出现" me"或者"we"。
This is not about you, this is about the infographic only.
这不是关于你们的，这一篇报告只是关于信息图的。
Now because it's not about you, there is absolutely no opinion, you will not reach any conclusions.
因为这与你们自己无关，所以绝对不要出现观点，你们不要做出任何结论。
You will not make an analysis, you will not try to understand what's going on.
不要分析，不要试图弄懂是怎么回事。
You will not make any inference, you will not take this information to understand other information.
不要做出任何推理，不要用这个信息来弄懂其他信息。
You will not make any predictions or what's going to happen after this information is explained.
不要做出任何预测，或者这个信息得到解释后会发生什么。
You're not going to explain anything, all you're going to do is show me what is in the infographic, right?
不要解释任何事情，你们要做的就是告诉我信息图里有什么，对吧？
Are you going to give me an explanation, are you going to give me the meaning of what you're looking at?
你们要给我做出解释，要告诉我你们正在看的内容的意义吗？
No, you're not, you are only going to give me facts. Okay?
不，不要，你们只能给我一些事实，知道吗？
I'm the grader, for example, I'm grading your...your task 1, your report.
假如我是审卷人，我在给你们的......你们的写作第一题，你们的报告打分。
I don't care if you understand what you're looking at, all I care is that can you take this information and explain it to me in good English.
我不在乎你们懂不懂你们正在看的内容，我关心的只是你们能不能看到这条信息，能不能用规范的英语解释给我看。
This is an English test, not an intelligence test, it doesn't matter if you understand it or not.
这是一场英语考试，不是智商测试，你们理不理解它的内容并不重要。
Can you convert to the infographic into words and sentences? That's it.
重要的是你们能不能把信息图转变成单词和句子，仅此而已。
Now having said that: keep your introduction...in fact keep your whole report, but especially the introduction very simple, very straightforward.
我们已经说过了：要把你们的开头部分... 实际上是整篇报告，不过尤其是开头部分，要保持非常简洁，非常直接。
You don't need fancy language, you don't need very high-end vocabulary.
你们不需要华丽的辞藻，不需要非常高端的词汇。
You just need to have different vocabulary, you need to have good sentence structures and give me the information that you see.
你们只需要使用不同的单词，有好的句子结构，并且向我展示你们看到的信息即可。
Now before I look at the body of the report, I want to actually look at the conclusion. Okay?
在我讲报告的正文部分前，其实我想看看结论部分。
You can have your introduction, you're going to have your body, what about the conclusion?
你们可以写开头，会写正文，那结论呢？
Now this is a bit of a trick question, do you see all these things I wrote about to the conclusion?
这个问题有点捉弄人，你们看见我写的所有这些关于结论的内容了吗？
That's what you're going to give me, nothing, there is no conclusion in task 1.
那就是你们要给我的，啥也不写，写作第一题没有结论。
Because you're not reaching any conclusions, you're not explaining anything.All you are doing is giving me information.
因为你们不能做出任何结论，不能解释任何内容。你们要做的就是给我信息。
You have an introduction paragraph very short, one or two sentences, you have one or two body paragraphs, that's it. Okay?
你们要写一个开头段落，非常简单，一到两个句子，然后写一到两段正文，就这样。
Don't try to get too fancy, don't try to show off your intelligence, that's not what they're looking for English test, remember that, okay?
不要试图写得太高级，不要试图显摆你们的智商，他们在英语考试中要找的不是这个，别忘了，好吗？
Now obviously the most important part: what do I put in the body? Let's look at that.
现在来讲显然是最重要的部分：在正文部分要写什么？我们来看看吧。
Okay, we're going to look at two things when we're looking at your report body.
我们在讲报告正文部分时，要来看两个内容。
First, we're going to look at some things that you can look for, some things to pick out, some information to include in your report,
首先我们要来看看一些你们可以寻找的信息，能够挑出来放进你们报告中的信息，
and after that we'll look at how to split up your two paragraphs or one paragraph depending on the situation.
在那之后我们会讲一下如何根据试题情况分段。
So what are some things to look for in your report?Let's say you're looking at graphs, okay?
那么，在你们的报告中要找些什么呢？比方说你们看到的是曲线图。
So first thing, always pay attention to your axes, your XY axes.What is the information here? What is the information here?
那么第一件事，要时常注意图中的坐标轴，X轴和Y轴。这里显示出了什么信息？这里又显示出了什么信息？
What is going up here? What is going up here? With that in mind, what are their ranges?
这里上升的是什么？这里上升的又是什么？记住那些之后，再看看它们的区间是什么？
Let's say you are talking about time, you are talking about 1960 - 2010, you have a 15-year range.
假设你们在谈论时间，你们谈论的是1960年至2010年，有一个15年的区间。
Make sure you mentioned that range if it's going all the way across, if it's a short range mentioned that.
如果这个区间很大，一直延续，记得要提到这个区间，如果是一个很短的区间，也记得要提一下。
But what about that range? What are you mentioning within that range? All kinds of things.
但是那个区间怎么样呢？在那个区间内要提到什么呢？各种各样的信息。
Peaks and valleys, so again let's go like this: this is a peek, this is a valley, another way to look at it is highs and lows.
要提到峰值和谷值，我们还是这么来看：这是一个峰值，这是一个谷值，也可以说是高点和低点。
If...if a graph is moving up and down, pay attention to the peaks, pay attention to the valleys.
如果一个曲线图在上下移动，那就注意一下峰值，注意一下谷值。
If it's very steady peaks and valleys, no problem, you can mention the stability aspect of it. Okay?
如果它的峰值和谷值非常稳定，那也没问题，你们可以提一提它稳定的一面。
Now here I also mentioned plateaus, you're going up up up and flat, up up up flat, this is a plateau.
我在这里还提到了稳定阶段，比如曲线一路上升上升上升然后持平，上升上升上升持平，这就是稳定阶段。
It's where things flattened out and stay stable, don't change too much, on this axis. Okay?
就是曲线变平保持稳定的阶段，在这个轴上不会发生太大变化。
On this axis, everything continues forward, this is usually time or number of...like increase in sales percentage for example, could be many things.
但是在这个轴上一切还是继续向前，这一般是时间或......比如销售率增加的数量，可以是很多东西。
This is any variable that can be, this is the range within which you measure things usually.
这个是变量，这是通常做计算的区间。
Okay, peaks valleys, highs and lows.
记住要看峰值和谷值，高点和低点。
Now you're also looking for patterns, how things are the same, like if you're comparing two or three things or five things or six things,
你们还要寻找模式，看看信息的相同点，比如你们在比较两个或三个或五个或六个事物，
what are the patterns, what are they all doing the same.
你们要找到它们的模式是什么，它们有什么共同之处。
Trend is another way, all of them are trending up, all of them are trending down, some are trending up,
走向是另一种方式，比如它们走向朝上，或者所有的走向都朝下，一些朝上，
some are trending down, you're going to be comparing and contrasting, but you keep these very general.
一些朝下，你们要比较对比，但是你们要讲的是大体走向。
Okay? If you're comparing five things and you find four of them share a pattern, don't talk about each of them individually, put all four into one lump group.
如果你们在比较五个事物，发现其中四个都是一样的模式，那就不要逐个逐个单独讲，把这四个都归为一大块来讲。
These four countries from the West are all increasing their military spending, the one country in the south is decreasing.
比如西方这四个国家都在增加军事支出，而南边的这一个国家正在减少这方面的支出。
Okay? So the trends lump them together, then you look for the anomalies.
知道了吗？在讲走向时把它们归到一起，然后要找 anomaly（不规则的现象）。
Now what is an anomaly? It's something out of the ordinary.
什么是anomaly呢？就是不寻常的事物。
If you have a pattern, everybody's going up up up but one is going down, that one is the anomaly.
假设有一个模式，每一个都在上升，但有一个在下降，那这一个就是 anomaly。
It is outside the pattern, outside the trend.Exception is another way to say anomaly, something that goes against the trend.
它是模式之外的，处于这个走向之外。也可以说它是特例，与走向相背的事物。
Here you will get a little bit more detailed, and give me specific numbers or whatever their variables are to talk about how it is the exception,
在这里你们要讲得稍微详细一些，写出具体的数字或它们的变量来讨论它如何例外，
what is the exception, what is the change of direction, what is the pattern that it...the thing or the pla...person or the place itself is following.
这个例外是什么，改变了什么方向，这个事物或者人或者地点本身遵循的是什么模式。
Now if you have tables, tables have columns and rows.
如果你们在试卷上的看到的是表格，表格有纵列和横排。
Pay attention to the headings in the columns and the rows, they're going to tell you a lot of information, you might want to include that.
要注意纵列和横排的标题，它们会告诉你们很多信息，你们也许要把这些信息包括在报告里。
You could just put that into your introduction, if it's a very general thing.
你们可以直接把它放进你们的开头部分，如果是很笼统的内容。
If it's very important to what's going on, you put that into your body as well.
如果这对内容非常重要，那你们也可以把它加进正文部分。
Now if you're looking at a diagram...excuse me, a diagram usually shows a process or a cycle, a life cycle of an ant or a moth.
如果你们看到的是一个示意图......不好意思，示意图通常会展示一个过程或周期，比如一只蚂蚁或飞蛾的生命周期。
Okay? What you want to do is you want to identify the start of the cycle or the process.
你们要做的是找出这个周期或过程的开端。
You want to identify the finish or the end of the process, and you want major steps along the way.
你们要辨认出这个过程的结束，还有整个过程中的重要步骤。
You don't need to tell me every little bit of detail.
你们不需要告诉我所有小细节。
Remember, it's 170 words, there's only so much you can say, don't try to include everything.
记住，你们只能写170多个单词，你们只能写这么多内容，不要把一切内容都囊括在内。
Major steps, milestones, what is a milestone?
只要写下重要步骤、milestone（重要事件）即可，milestone是什么呢？
A milestone is when something reaches a specific point in a process.
milestone就是某事到达了过程中的一个具体节点。
So a moth, for example, the mother moth or the adult moth lays eggs, that's one milestone.
就拿飞蛾这个例子来说吧，母蛾子或者成年飞蛾会产卵，这是一个重要事件。
The eggs hatch into larvae, that's another milestone.
卵会孵化成幼虫，那又是一个重要事件。
Six weeks passed by, they eat the leaves blah blah blah, little details are not so important.
六周后，它们会吃树叶等等等等，小细节不重要。
Next step, the larvae start building their cocoon around themselves, that's a milestone.
下一步，幼虫会开始在自己身体周围结茧，那是一个重要事件。
Time goes by, they get fed, this and that's the other, and the next milestone, the cocoon opens the wings, come out.
随着时间流逝，它们把自己喂饱了，等等等等，然后下一个重要事件，它们在茧里张开翅膀，破茧而出。
These are the steps you want to make, you don't want every little detail, major steps and milestones.
这些是你们要总结出来的步骤，不要把每个小细节都写上，只写主要的步骤和重要事件。
Now when you're comparing things, you always look for the similarities and you always look for the differences.
当你们作比较时，你们总是要找相似点，总是要找区别。
You are going to spend more words on the differences than you are on the similarities.
对区别的描述要比对相似点的描述更多。
Because the similarities, you can say all of them do this, one of them does this, this and that, in that specific order, in this specific time.
因为就相似点而言，你们可以说它们都这样，其中一个在具体的顺序，具体的时间是这样这样那样，
The differences are more detailed, the similarities are more general, same as patterns and anomalies is the same idea.
区别要更详细些，相似点更笼统些，模式和不规则现象也是一样。
Okay? So these are all things are going to be looking for.
知道了吗？这些都是你们要找的信息。
Again, you don't need everything, you don't want to tell me what every piece of the puzzle is doing.
还是那句话，你们不需要把所有信息都写进去，不要告诉我每一部分的情况。
So let's say you're comparing five different countries here.
假设你们在比较五个不同的国家。
You don't want to tell me this country did this, this country did that, this country did this, this country did that, this country...
不要告诉我这个国家做了这件事，这个国家做了那件事，这个国家做了这个，这个国家做了那个，这个国家......
No, A, you don't have time; B, you don't have the space in terms of words; and C, it's not important. Okay?
不要这样，第一，你们没有那么多时间；第二，你们没有那么多地方写这么多字；第三，这不重要。知道了吗？
You want to tell me A, B and C are doing this way, D is going the opposite way, that's what you want to tell me, okay?
你们只要告诉我A、B、C国家是这么做的，而D国家采取的是相反的做法，那就是你们要告诉我的，知道了吗？
So that's all the information you're going to look for.
那就是你们要寻找的所有信息。
Now how do you split up your paragraphs? Let's look at that.
接下来，要怎么分段呢？现在我们来讲讲这个。
Okay? So now we have to think about how to split up our report.
现在我们要来想想如何给我们的报告分段。
One of the problems people have is they don't know when to switch to a new paragraph, right?
人们会遇到的困难之一就是他们不知道什么时候该另起一段，对吧？
So again, there's no rule, you have to feel it out when you're doing it, but here's a suggestion.
所以，再说一遍，没有绝对的规律，你们这么做的时候必须用心去感觉，但是我有一个建议。
If you're only looking at one chart or one graph or one pie chart, table etc, you can split it in two ways.
如果你们看到的只是一个图表或一个曲线图或一个饼状图、表格等等，你们可以用两种方式分段。
One, in the first paragraph look at all the trends, all the patterns, all the things that are basically similar.
第一种，在第一段写所有的走向，所有的模式，所有基本上相似的内容。
In the second paragraph focus on the major differences, the anomalies and exceptions. Okay?
在第二段集中讨论主要的区别，不规则现象和例外情况，知道了吗？
That's the easiest way to split it.
这是最简单的分段方法。
Another way is that in your first paragraph, again, even in a table you can have two or three things, in a graph, you're gonna have two or three different things in a different variables etc.
另一个方法是，在第一段，还是一样，即使在表格中也会有两或三种事物，在曲线图中，会有两或三种不同变量的不同事物。
In the first paragraph focus on one thing, that while you're comparing two countries focus on the first country, what it's doing in the graph.
在第一段中集中讨论一件事，比如在比较两个国家时，集中讲第一个国家的情况，曲线图中第一个国家的情况。
Second paragraph focus on the second. Okay?
在第二段集中讲第二件事，知道了吗？
Again it's a little bit straightforward, to be honest, just say it's simply what you're looking at, focus on one, focus on the other.
还是一样，说实话这是有一点直接的，只简单地说出你们在看的内容，集中讲一个，再集中讲另一个。
Now if you have two charts, it's actually much easier when you're comparing charts.
如果有两个图表，其实比较多个图表简单多了。
It takes you a little bit longer to get all the details and information, pick out all your trends and anomalies.
得到所有详情和信息，挑出所有走向和不规则现象花的时间会稍长一些。
But in the first paragraph, talk about chart one, in the second paragraph, talk about chart two with slight comparisons as necessary.
但是在第一段讲第一个图表，在第二段讲第二个，稍微做一些必要的对比。
Or another way to do it, in the first paragraph, compare the two in terms of all the similarities, all the trends, all the things that are they are doing similar.
或者用另一个方法，在第一段，比较两个图表所有的相似点、所有的走向、所有相似的地方。
In the second paragraph, look at all the major differences.
在第二段讲所有主要的区别。
Now some of them, one is going to be linked to the other, you're going to have, for example, the type of food eaten in one country, and the agricultural expansion in the same country.
它们中有一些，其中一个会与另一个有所联系，比如一个国家食用的食物类型和同一个国家的农业扩张。
How does one affect the other? The more food that's eaten, the more crops are grown. Okay?
一个因素对另一个有什么影响呢？食用的食物越多，种植的粮食作物就越多，知道了吧？
You have to make some sort of connection, don't go beyond what is given to you. Okay?
你们必须总结出某种联系，但不要超出已给出的信息，好吗？
Don't bring your ideas into it, even if you're correct, even if you're an economics major and your...this is all simple for you,
不要加入你们自己的想法，即使你们是正确的，即使你们是经济学专业的，这对你们来说再简单不过了，
you can take this little bit of information and write me a whole economic theory,
你们可以用这么一点点信息就写出来一整套经济学理论。
Don't, that's not what they're asking you to do.One, two, this is happening at the same time this is happening. Okay?
不要这么做，题目要求你们做的不是这个。一个因素，两个因素，这个发生的同时这个也在发生，就这样。
Even if it's very obvious, don't really mention any connection, one does not lead to the other, this happens at the same time this happens. Okay?
即使非常明显，也不要真的提到任何联系，一个因素不会导致另一个因素，只是在这个发生的同时那个也在发生，知道了吗？
Now if you're talking about a diagram that shows like a life cycle, in this case I would recommend one paragraph.
如果你们讨论的是显示了比如生命周期的示意图，在这种情况下我会推荐只写一段。
Start explaining that major...big...the major steps and the milestones and finish, you don't need two paragraphs, because there's nowhere to split it.
从阐述主要的步骤和重要事件开始写，然后结束，你们不需要写两段，因为没有可以分段的地方。
A life cycle is a one process thing, right?
生命周期是一个过程的事情，对吧？
The moth lays the eggs...actually this goes another way, here's the cycle, lays the eggs, eggs become larvae,
飞蛾产卵......其实这是按另一个方向的，这是这个周期，产卵、卵变成幼虫
start building cocoon, hatching the cocoon, feed for whatever, start all over again, lay eggs again.
开始结茧、破茧、进食，然后再重头开始，重新产卵。
This is a cycle, this is one paragraph, there's nowhere to split this up.You don't have to have three paragraphs in the report, two are fine.
这是一个周期，这就是一段，没有可以分段的地方。报告中没有必要写三段，两段就够了。
You still have your introduction: what am I looking at? I'm looking at the life cycle of a moth, and then body say what's going on.
还是有开头：我在看什么？我在看飞蛾的生命周期，然后正文部分写具体内容。
Now when you've done all this, what do you have to do?You have to write your conclusion? Trick question, no, no conclusion.
以上都写完之后，你们要干什么？要写结论吗？捉弄人的问题，不，不写结论。
Once you've said everything there is to say, once all the information has been delivered, that's it, you're done.
一旦你们把该写的内容都写了，一旦所有的信息都表达出来了，那就结束了，你们就写完了。
Go to your essay, good luck with that. Okay?
然后就可以去写大作文了，祝你们大作文好运。
If you have any questions, you can go to engvid. com, I'll give you a little bit of a review quiz there, you can ask more questions, and I'll see you again soon.
如果你们有疑问可以登陆engvid. com，我会在那儿给你们一个复习小测验，你们可以问更多的问题，再见啦。
