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Marriages pacts involved other participants mainly as contributors to the bride's dowry
参与到婚姻这一契约中的其他人主要或为新娘提供嫁妆
and as guarantors of the groom's ability to restore it to his widow or her heirs
或者保证新郎有能力在将来寡妻或她的继承人能拿回嫁妆
which I mentioned earlier he was obliged to do
即我之前提到的他的义务
Adding women who participated in those ways to the female contractors just mentioned
如果还把这部分以这种方式参与的女人，加上刚才说的参与协商婚姻的女人
we get a total of 89 of the 101 contracts
即是101桩婚约中有89对
in which women sometimes more than one played a vital part
有时候不止一个女人担任重要角色
here are a couple of examples by way of illustration
有几个例子可以说明这点
In a contract of 1412 the dowry of 1,500 ducats
1412年的一桩婚约中嫁妆是1500金币
that Regina Barbaro's father promised to his prospective son in law Niccolo Coppo
Regina Barbaro的父亲向他的未来女婿Niccolo Coppo
included 1,400 ducats from Regina's maternal grandmother.
还提供了1400金币来自Regina祖母的嫁妆
And 100 ducats from an aunt balancing those female contributions to the dowry
以及来自一位姨妈的100金币，来平衡女人们对嫁妆的奉献
Niccolo Coppo's father assured Regina of the dowry's restitution
Niccolo Coppo的父亲则向Regina保证嫁妆的完整
by noting that young Niccolo had 1,500 ducats of his own inherited from his mother and grandmother
他说儿子Niccolo自己有1500金币是来自他妈妈和祖母的遗产
A contract of 1530 shows even more direct involvement of women
1530年的一桩婚约更直接地说明了女人的参与
The bride and groom contracted their own marriage
男女双方订立婚约
The bride's mother provided the dowry
新娘的母亲提供嫁妆
And the bridegroom's mother guaranteed its restitution with her property
新郎的母亲则用她自己的财产担保嫁妆的完整
This case was unusual
这个例子不同寻常
Because women played all three critical roles in the transaction
因为女人在这里担当了三个主要的角色
But the involvement of women was a regular feature of the great majority of other contracts as well
不过女人的参与在其他很多婚约中也很正常
Their presence makes it clear
她们的出现明显说明了
That while most marriages were made by men
虽然大多数婚姻是男性主导
It was with the conspicuous and often indispensable collaboration of women
但女性显然，而且通常是不可缺少的参与
using their wealth to participate actively in the most crucial of a family's and a lineage's activities
通过财力积极参与到一个家庭和家族最重要的活动中去
I mentioned earlier that girls who emerged from these negotiations
我刚刚提到女孩参与婚约协商中去
as newlywed brides maintained close ties to their families of origin
她们在成为新婚少妇后和娘家保持着亲密联系
as their tried to adjust to married life in the midst of a new unfamiliar family
这时她们正试图适应陌生家庭中的婚姻生活
those ties didn't end there
和娘家的纽带并不在此时结束
In the testaments of a group of 100 married women of all ages
有一组遗嘱来自100个年龄各异的已婚妇女
More than three quarters, 84 named executors from their families of birth
有84个，超过3/4，从娘家选定遗嘱执行人
even widows kept up those connections
寡妇也与娘家保持联系
28 out of a group of 50 will writing widows appointed executors from their birth families
50个立遗嘱的寡妇中有28个从娘家选定执行人
The durable bond between married women and their parents and siblings
这种持续的关系存在于已婚妇女和她们的父母和兄弟间
shows that wives were fully absorbed into their husbands' families and lineages
说明妻子虽已全面融入夫家的家庭和家族中
But maintained a complex identity remaining daughters and sisters as well as wives
却保留着复杂的身份，仍然作为女儿和姐妹，而不仅仅是人妻
And making practical use of both sets of relationships
并且实际利用起这两边的关系
what maybe surprising in this patrilineal society
在父系社会中惊人的是
is that trust also arose often very quickly between married men and the families of their new wives
信任很快就在男方和新婚妻子家庭间建立
