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Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from a reader in South Korea.
你好! 本周《名师答疑》，我们回答一位韩国读者的问题。
Hello, dear my teacher.
您好，亲爱的老师。
I’m Lim from South Korea.
我是来自韩国的林。
This year 2024, there are many news reports about elections all over the world.
今年2024年，世界各地有很多关于选举的新闻报道。
I see the word ‘fake news’ in many articles, but I can’t tell the difference between ‘disinformation’ and ‘misinformation.’
我在很多文章中看到了‘假新闻’这个词，但我分不清disinformation和misinformation之间的区别。
Could you explain exactly the difference showing different example expressions?
您能用不同示例具体解释一下它们的区别吗？
I always thank you.
我一直都很感谢你。
Gyeonggyun Lim
林京允
Thank you for writing, Lim.
谢谢你的来信，林。
This is a very good question.
这是一个非常好的问题。
Mis- and dis- are both common prefixes in English.
mis-和dis-都是英语中常见的前缀。
Prefixes are letters we add to the beginning of a word.
前缀是我们添加到单词开头的字母。
Each prefix has a meaning.
每个前缀都有一个含义。
Adding a prefix to a word makes a new word with a new meaning.
在单词前加一个前缀会组成一个具有新含义的新词。
Let’s start with mis- and misinformation.
我们先看mis-和misinformation。
Mis- means “bad” or “wrong.”
mis-意思是“糟糕的”或“错误的”。
For example, add mis- to adventure and we get the new word misadventure.
例如，把mis-加在adventure前面，我们就会得到一个新的单词：misadventure。
A misadventure is an unlucky event or a bad adventure or experience.
这个单词表示不幸的事，或者是一次糟糕的冒险或经历。
So, misinformation means “wrong or bad information.”
因此，misinformation表示“错误或不好的信息”。
Misinformation often comes from someone misunderstanding something.
misinformation往往来自于某人对某事的误解。
We often use misinformation with the phrase “a lot of.”
我们经常把misinformation和a lot of连用。
For example: There is a lot of misinformation on the internet.
例如：互联网上有很多错误的信息。
Next let’s look at disinformation.
接下来，我们来看看disinformation。
Dis- means “not” or “none.”
dis-意思是“不”或“没有”。
For example, if we add dis- to agree, the new word disagree means to “not agree.”
例如，把dis-加在agree前面，那么新词disagree的意思是“不同意”。
It might seem like disinformation just means “not information.”
看起来似乎是disinformation就表示“不是信息”。
But its meaning is more complex than that.
但它的含义要比这复杂得多。
Disinformation means false information that is spread on purpose.
disinformation是指故意传播的虚假信息。
A person, group, or government can spread disinformation.
一个人、一个团体或政府可以散布虚假信息。
Their goal is to hide the truth or trick people.
他们的目标是隐瞒真相或欺骗他人。
We often use disinformation with the word campaign.
我们经常把disinformation和campaign连用。
For example: I hope the disinformation campaign does not work.
例如：我希望虚假信息活动不会奏效。
Someone who spreads disinformation knows that the information is untrue.
散布虚假信息的人知道这些信息是不真实的。
But when misinformation spreads, it is generally not done to deceive, or trick, people.
但当错误信息传播时，通常不是为了欺骗人们。
We often use both misinformation and disinformation with the word spread.
我们经常把misinformation、disinformation和spread连用。
Note that “spread” can be a verb or a noun.
请注意，spend可以是动词，也可以是名词。
For example: The internet spreads a lot of misinformation.
例如：互联网传播了大量的错误信息。
The government should stop the spread of disinformation.
政府应该阻止虚假信息的传播。
We hope this explanation has helped you, Lim.
希望这个解释对你有所帮助，林。
And that’s Ask a Teacher.
以上就是《名师答疑》。
I’m Gena Bennett.
我是吉娜 · 贝内特。
