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"How Much Exercise to Sustain Weight Loss"
要多少运动才能减肥？
Right now, almost 2/3 of Americans are overweight. And by 2030, more than 1/2 our population may be clinically obese.Childhood obesity has tripled and most of them will grow up to be overweight as well.
现在，近三分之二的美国人体重超重。截止到2030年，超过一半的人口达到临床上的肥胖。儿童肥胖率已经是过去的三倍，其中大部分人长大后也会超重。
The United States may be in the midst of raising the first generation since our nation's founding that will have a shorter predicted life span than that of the previous generation.
美国正在养育自建国以来预期寿命比以往各代缩短的第一代。
The food industry blames...inactivity.You just need to move more.
食品行业将这种现象归咎于运动不足。你应该多运动一些。
But what is the role of exercise in the treatment of obesity?
但是运动在治疗肥胖中发挥什么作用呢？
There's considerable debate in the medical literature today about whether physical activity has any role whatsoever in the epidemic of obesity that's swept the globe since the 80s.
自80年代以来，在医学理论界，关于体育运动是否有助于减肥在全球都掀起了辩论热潮。
The increase in calories per person is more than sufficient to explain the U.S. epidemic of obesity.
每个人热量摄入的增加足以解释美国普遍的肥胖现象。
In fact, if anything, the level of physical activity over the last few decades has actually gone up in both Europe and North America.This has important policy implications.Yes, we still need to exercise more,but the priorities for reversing the obesity epidemic should focus on the overconsumption of calories.
实际上，过去几十年，欧洲和北美人的体育运动量都有所增加。这有着非常重要的政策导向意义。是的，我们仍然需要增加运动量，但是改变普遍肥胖现象的要务应该集中在能量的过量摄入方面。
To work off the increased caloric intake,which for kids it's like an extra can of soda and small fries,compared to what they were eating back in the 70s,and for adults it's like an extra Big Mac a day,to work that off you'd have to walk 2 hours a day, 7 days a week.
为了释放过量摄入的热量，对孩子们来说，可能是比70年代多喝一罐汽水，多吃一点炸薯条，对成年人来说可能是每天多吃一个巨无霸汉堡，为了消耗这些多余的热量，你每天需要步行2小时，每周7天。
So exercise can prevent weight gain, but the amount required to prevent weight gain may be closer to twice the current recommendations.
所以，运动可以预防体重增加，但是预防体重增加的运动量接近现在建议量的两倍。
Public health advocates have been experimenting with including this kind of information.
公共卫生卫士们正在试验类似的信息。
The fast-food menu labeled with calories and the number of miles to walk to burn those calories appeared to be most effective in influencing the selection of lower calorie meals.
快餐菜单上标明热量，以及要燃烧这些热量需要步行的路程，这样似乎可以有效影响人们选择低热量的饮食。
Now exercise alone may have a small effect,and that small effect can make a big difference on the population scale.
现在，仅仅运动只能产生非常小的影响，然而即使很小的影响也可以对所有人口产生很大的影响。
A 1% decrease in BMI nationwide might prevent millions of cases of diabetes and heart disease,thousands of cases of cancer...
全国人口BMI降低1%或许可以预防数百万例糖尿病和心脏病，数百例癌症……
But why don't we lose more weight from exercise? Maybe because we're just not doing it enough.
但是我们为何不能通过运动减轻更多体重？或许是因为我们的运动量不足。
The small magnitude of weight loss observed from the majority of exercise interventions,you know where they make people exercise,may be primarily due to how low the doses are of the prescribed exercise.
大部分运动干预观察到体重幅度很小，或许是因为尽管他们让人们运动，然而运动量却很小。
People tend to overestimate how many calories are burned by physical activity.
人们倾向于高估体育运动燃烧的热量。
For example, there's this myth that a bout of sexual activity burns a few hundred calories.So, hey, you could get a side of fries with that.
例如，有一个谬论宣称一次性行为可以燃烧几百卡路里的热量。所以，或许之后你可以享用一包炸薯条了。
But if you actually hook people up and measure energy expenditure during the act and your study subjects don't get too tangled up with all the wires and hoses,though it may be merely the metabolic equivalent of calisthenics,given that the average bout of sexual activity only lasts about 6 minutes,a young man might expend approximately 21 calories during sexual intercourse.
如果你认识某个人，在对方性行为过程中测量一下能量消耗水平，你的研究对象毫无察觉，或许你会发现，实际上只相当于美容体操的新陈代谢量，因为每次性行为之持续大约6分钟，一名年轻男子在性行为中大约消耗21卡路里的热量。
Of course, he would've spent roughly 1/3 of that just lying around watching t.v.–just basal metabolism.
当然，也可能三分之一的时间他只是躺在那里看电视，只是基础的代谢水平。
So the incremental benefit is plausibly on the order of 14 calories.
所以，真正的益处可能只是消耗了14卡路里的热量。
So maybe we could have, like, 1 fry with that.
所以，或许我们只能消耗掉一根炸薯条的热量。
