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I. China's Achievements in Ensuring Food Security
一、中国粮食安全成就
With one fifth of the world population, China accounts for a quarter of total global food production. China is self-reliant in securing its own food supply; its people now have not only enough to eat, but also a greater range of choices. Compared to past times when they were underfed, this historical change has been made possible by the Chinese themselves through hard work and development. It is also a key contribution to world food security.
中国人口占世界的近1/5，粮食产量约占世界的1/4。中国依靠自身力量端牢自己的饭碗，实现了由“吃不饱”到“吃得饱”，并且“吃得好”的历史性转变。这既是中国人民自己发展取得的伟大成就，也是为世界粮食安全作出的重大贡献。
1. Steady growth in food output
（一）粮食产量稳步增长
– Per capita food output remains above the world average. Currently China's per capita food output is around 470 kg, growing by 14 percent from 414 kg since 1996 when China published its first white paper on food – The Grain Issue in China, and by 126 percent from 209 kg in 1949, when the PRC was founded. This is higher than the world average.
——人均占有量稳定在世界平均水平以上。目前，中国人均粮食占有量达到470公斤左右，比1996年的414公斤增长了14%，比1949年新中国成立时的209公斤增长了126%，高于世界平均水平。
– Per unit yield has significantly increased. The average food yield per hectare is as follows: more than 5,000 kg in 2010; 5,621 kg in 2018, an increase of 1,138 kg, or 25 percent, over 1996. The yields per hectare for rice, wheat and corn in 2017 are as follows: 6,916.9 kg, up 11.3 percent over 1996, 50.1 percent higher than the world average; 5,481.2 kg, up 46.8 percent over 1996, 55.2 percent higher than the world average; 6,110.3 kg, up 17.4 percent over 1996, 6.2 percent higher than the world average.
——单产显著提高。2010年平均每公顷粮食产量突破5000公斤。2018年达到5621公斤，比1996年的4483公斤增加了1138公斤，增长25%以上。2017年稻谷、小麦、玉米的每公顷产量分别为6916.9公斤、5481.2公斤、6110.3公斤，较1996年分别增长11.3%、46.8%、17.4%，比世界平均水平分别高50.1%、55.2%、6.2%。
– Total food output has seen a steady increase. China's total food output surpassed 550 million tons in 2010, 600 million tons in 2012, 660 million tons in 2015, 650 million tons for four years from 2015. In 2018, the figure was near 660 million tons, up 30 percent over 1996 (500 million tons), the year China published its first white paper on food security, 116 percent over 1978 (300 million tons), the year of the launch of China's reform and opening up, and by nearly 600 percent over 1949 (110 million tons), the year the PRC was founded. Over the years, food output each year has fluctuated within a range of ±6 percent, with the exception of a few years.
——总产量连上新台阶。2010年突破5.5亿吨，2012年超过6亿吨，2015年达到6.6亿吨，连续4年稳定在6.5亿吨以上水平。2018年产量近6.6亿吨，比1996年的5亿吨增产30%以上，比1978年的3亿吨增产116%，是1949年1.1亿吨的近6倍。粮食产量波动幅度基本稳定在合理区间，除少数年份外，一般保持在±6%的范围之内。
2. Self-sufficiency in grain supply
（二）谷物供应基本自给
– China is self-sufficient in grain supply. In 2018, the grain output was 610 million tons, accounting for more than 90 percent of total food output, and growing by 160 million tons over 1996. Currently China supplies 95 percent of its own needs for grain, laying down a solid material foundation for maintaining national food security, promoting socioeconomic development, and safeguarding long-term peace and stability.
——实现谷物基本自给。2018年，谷物产量6.1亿吨，占粮食总产量的90%以上，比1996年的4.5亿吨增加1.6亿吨。目前，我国谷物自给率超过95%，为保障国家粮食安全、促进经济社会发展和国家长治久安奠定了坚实的物质基础。
– China ensures absolute security of staple grains. In 2001-2018, soybean accounted for 75.4 percent of imported grains, and the two main staple grains of rice and wheat together accounted for less than 6 percent. In recent years, with rice and wheat output meeting domestic needs, China is fully self-sufficient in food supply, and the main driver of food imports and exports is to satisfy the need for variety. China makes sure it relies on itself for food supply.
——确保口粮绝对安全。近几年，稻谷和小麦产需有余，完全能够自给，进出口主要是品种调剂，将中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手上。2001年至2018年年均进口的粮食总量中，大豆占比为75.4%，稻谷和小麦两大口粮品种合计占比不足6%。
3. Greater food reserve capacity
（三）粮食储备能力显著增强
– Food storage is further modernized. In 2018, the storage capacity of qualified grain warehouses was 670 million tons, and that of simple warehouses was 240 million tons. Total effective warehouse capacity grew by 31.9 percent over 1996. The total tank capacity for edible oils was 28 million tons, a seven-fold increase over 1996. China has built new modern grain storage facilities and renovated old ones, further increasing storage capacity. With the facilities' functions also improved, China has secured a continued increase in its food storage capacity, generally reaching world advanced levels.
——仓储现代化水平明显提高。2018年全国共有标准粮食仓房仓容6.7亿吨，简易仓容2.4亿吨，有效仓容总量比1996年增长31.9%。食用油罐总罐容2800万吨，比1996年增长7倍。规划建设了一批现代化新粮仓，维修改造了一批老粮库，仓容规模进一步增加，设施功能不断完善，安全储粮能力持续增强，总体达到了世界较先进水平。
– Logistics capacity has increased markedly. In 2017, the total volume of food transported reached 480 million tons, including 230 million tons of interprovincial transport. All major channels of food logistics have been integrated to form a multimodal transport network composed of highways, railways and waterways. Food logistics now involves more unprocessed grain, bulk grain, and finished grain products transported by container. The efficiency of food logistics has seen steady improvement.
——物流能力大幅提升。2017年，全国粮食物流总量达到4.8亿吨，其中跨省物流量2.3亿吨。粮食物流骨干通道全部打通，公路、铁路、水路多式联运格局基本形成，原粮散粮运输、成品粮集装化运输比重大幅提高，粮食物流效率稳步提升。
– Grain reserves and emergency response systems are improving. The government has sufficient and quality food reserves, with secured storage. Emergency food reserves for 10-15 days are available in large and medium-sized cities and areas prone to price fluctuation. A network of emergency reserves, processing and distribution is in place, with outlets to supply sub-districts and communities in urban and rural areas. These play an important role in response to natural disasters such as earthquakes, sleet, snowstorms, and typhoons, as well as public emergencies.
——粮食储备和应急体系逐步健全。政府粮食储备数量充足，质量良好，储存安全。在大中城市和价格易波动地区，建立了10－15天的应急成品粮储备。应急储备、加工和配送体系基本形成，应急供应网点遍布城乡街道社区，在应对地震、雨雪冰冻、台风等重大自然灾害和公共突发事件等方面发挥了重要作用。
