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难句解析：
①Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.
▲本句的主干是Discoveries are thought by... to do sth. or as sth.。在句中by "untaught minds"后面有两个并列的用or连接起来的结构作为被认为的对象。
△要理解本句，就首先要知道"untaught minds"的是指那些“对科学实验的艰辛过程不了解的人”；而blinding flashes指“眩目的一瞬”，其实意思相当于汉语中的“灵光一闪”。
②Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.
▲本句的主干是Sir Alexander Fleming did not... look at and get the idea...。中间两个逗号隔开的部分是一个插入成分，并不影响阅读。
△要理解本句，就要对科学史有一定的了解，弗莱明爵士发明了青霉素penicillin；而there and then表示“当时当地”，用来强调人们传说的活灵活现。
③Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
▲本句的主干是由分号隔开的两个分句，后半句比较复杂，主语是the best players有两个并列的谓语miss和have their shot blocked，后面有一个比较结构。
△复习分号的用法，就知道后半句是补充说明前半句的。
④The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal — and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.
▲本句由两个并列句构成，前面的一个的表语比较复杂，里面还有两个定语从句，分别修饰表语从句的主语和表语。破折号后面的结构较简单。
△理解so it goes的意思是理解本句的重点，它表示“同样的道理，同理，……也一样”。注意在本句和上一句中作者都把发明创造比喻为踢足球，而把发明家比喻为足球运动员。
⑤"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there is no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority.
▲本句是一个直接引语，在引语中主干是Creative thinking may mean simply the realization...，后面是一个同位语从句修饰the realization，而在从句从又有一个定语从句修饰状语the way。
△注意virtue表示“美德，道理”的意思，而the way前面可以被视为少了一个介词in。
⑥This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"
▲本句的主干非常简单，就是This accounts for our reaction。最后的引语是our reaction的同位语，而reaction后面介词to的宾语比较繁杂，核心词是simple innovations，后面有两个例子，还有一个定语从句来修饰核心词。
△在阅读中，一定要抓住本句的主干，其实看不懂plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels都不会对把握文章的整体意思产生什么影响，另外知道account for的意思也很重要。
n. 模子，模型，类型，模式，雏型，真菌，软土
