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So let's look at the production of maple syrup today.
让我们来看看如今枫糖浆的生产情况。
Clearly, the maple forests are a valuable resource in many Canadian and North American communities.
显然，在许多加拿大和北美社区，枫树林是一种宝贵的资源。
The trees have to be well looked after and they cannot be used to make syrup until the trunks reach a diameter of around 25 centimetres.
枫树必须被精心照料，直到树干直径达到25厘米左右，才能用来制作糖浆。
This can take anything up to 40 years.
这可能需要40年的时间。
As I've already mentioned, maple trees need the right conditions to grow and also to produce sap. Why is this?
正如我已经提到的，枫树需要合适的条件来生长和分泌树液。这是为什么呢？
Well, what happens is that during a cold night, the tree absorbs water from the soil, and that rises through the tree's vascular system.
在寒冷的夜晚，树木从土壤中吸收水分，水分通过树木的脉管系统向上传输。
But then in the warmer daytime, the change in temperature causes the water to be pushed back down to the bottom of the tree.
但在气温较高的白天，温度的变化会导致水分被推回到树干底部。
This continual movement–up and down–leads to the formation of the sap needed for maple syrup production.
这种持续的上下运动导致枫糖浆生产所需的树液的形成。
When the tree is ready, it can be tapped and this involves drilling a small hole into the trunk and inserting a tube into it that ends in a bucket.
当树长成后就可以提取树液了，这需要在树干上钻一个小孔，然后在树干上插入一根管子，管子的末端放入一个桶内。
The trees can often take several taps, though the workers take care not to cause any damage to the healthy growth of the tree itself.
枫树通常会被敲打几下，但工人们会注意不会破坏枫树的健康生长。
The sap that comes out of the trees consists of 98 percent water and 2 percent sugar and other nutrients.
树液含有98%的水分、2%的糖和其他营养物质。
It has to be boiled so that much of that water evaporates, and this process as to take place immediately, using what are called evaporators.
它必须被煮沸，这样大部分水分才能蒸发，这个过程必须在收集到树液后马上开始，需要所谓的蒸发器。
These are basically extremely large pans–the sap is poured into these, a fire is built and the pans are then heated until the sap boils.
这些蒸发器基本上都是非常大的平底锅，将树液倒入其中，生火，然后加热平底锅，直到树液沸腾。
As it does this, the water evaporates, and the syrup begins to form.
在沸腾过程中，水分蒸发，糖浆开始形成。
The evaporation process creates large quantities of steam, and the sap becomes thicker and denser, and, at just the right moment, when the sap is thick enough to be called maple syrup, the worker removes it from the heat.
蒸发过程中产生了大量蒸汽，树液变得越来越浓，在适当的时候，当树液足够浓稠，变成所谓的枫糖浆时，工人就会将其从炉火上移开。
After this process, something called 'sugar sand' has to be filtered out as this builds up during the boiling and gives the syrup a cloudy appearance and a slightly gritty taste.
在这个过程之后，一种叫做“糖沙”的东西必须被过滤掉，因为它会在煮沸过程中积累起来，使糖浆看起来浑浊，尝起来有微微的沙砾感。
Once this has been done, the syrup is ready to be packaged so that it can be used for a whole variety of products.
做完了这一步，就可以将糖浆包装起来，这样它就可以被用于各种产品。
It takes 40 litres of sap to produce one litre of maple syrup so you can get an idea of how much is needed!
生产一升枫糖浆需要40升树液，所以你可以知道需要多少树液了！
So that's the basic process. In places like Quebec where…
这就是基本流程。在魁北克这样的地方……
