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Section D: In this section, you will hear two short passages.
第四节：在本节中，你将听到两段短文。
The passages will be read only once.
每段短文只读一遍。
After each passage, there will be a one-minute pause.
每段短文后有1分钟的停顿。
During the pause, write the answers on the answer sheet.
在停顿期间，把答案写在答题纸上。
Dictation
听写
Listen to the passage.
听短文。
For questions 21~25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear.
用你听到的单词或短语完成第21~25题。
Chemicals are added to a huge variety of products to give them certain properties.
很多产品都添加了化学物质，以使它们具有某些特性。
Many of these common chemicals are toxic to mammals and other animals.
许多常见的化学物质会使哺乳动物等动物中毒。
For example, one class of chemicals, called alkylphenols, can interfere with hormone systems and growth.
例如，一类名为烷基酚的化学物质会干扰激素系统，阻碍生长。
Alkylphenols are often found in shampoo.
洗发水中通常含有烷基酚。
Not only are these chemicals toxic, but they do not readily biodegrade.
这些化学物质不仅有毒，而且不易生物降解。
In other words, they will be on our planet for a very, very long time.
换句话说，它们将会在地球上存在很长时间。
Chemicals with a combination of these properties are commonly known as “Persistent Organic Pollutants, ” or POPs.
具有这些特性的化学物质通常被称为“持久性有机污染物”。
The combined effect of POPs on our health and on the environment is increasingly being studied and recognized.
持久性有机污染物对我们的健康和环境的综合影响正日益受到人们的研究和认识。
Some work has been done to control the use of POPs, but only a handful of chemicals fall under current government controls.
人们已经做了一些工作来控制持久性有机污染物的使用，但目前只有少数化学物质受到政府的控制。
Additionally, companies don’t label their products with their chemical components, so consumers must do extensive research to learn about them.
此外，公司不会在产品上标注其所含的化学成分，因此消费者必须进行广泛的研究才能了解它们。
Contrary to popular belief, POPs don’t stay locked away inside of the materials where they are used.
与人们普遍的看法相反，持久性有机污染物不会被锁在使用它们的材料内部。
These chemicals can escape and enter the soil during manufacture and disposal.
这些化学物质在制造和处理过程中会逸出并进入土壤。
In fact, it now seems that no part of the planet is free of chemicals.
事实上，现在看来，地球上没有一个地方没有化学物质。
Summary
摘要
Listen to the passage.
听短文。
For questions 26~30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank.
完成26~30题的笔记，每个空格不超过3个单词。
Patents are sometimes used to help inventors, owners, artists, etc. protect a special type of property known as “intellectual property”.
专利有时被用来帮助发明家、所有者、艺术家等保护一种被称为“知识产权”的特殊类型的财产。
Intellectual property is defined as “the product of a person or a company’s originality and creativity”.
知识产权被定义为“一个人或一家公司创意和创造力的产物”。
There are, however, additional ways to protect different kinds of intellectual property.
然而，还有其他方法来保护不同类型的知识产权。
Two of these ways are copyrights and trademarks.
其中两种方式是版权和商标。
Copyrights protect “original works of authorship”.
版权保护“作者的原创作品”。
This would include something creative that is written down or presented visually.
这将包括一些具有创造性的东西，即可以写下来或直观呈现出来的东西。
Such things as books, musical compositions, paintings, and even movies and architecture can all be protected by copyrights.
诸如书籍、音乐作品、绘画，甚至电影和建筑都可以受到版权的保护。
While typical patents may only last a short time and then need to be re-registered, for most written works, the copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 50 years.
虽然专利的有效期通常很短，之后需要重新注册，但对于大多数书面作品来说，版权的有效期是作者的寿命加50年。
After this time has passed, the works are no longer protected by the copyright.
这段时间过后，作品不再受版权保护。
They are then classified as part of the “public domain”, and anyone can copy or use them without permission.
然后，它们被归类为“公共领域”的一部分，任何人都可以未经许可复制或使用它们。
Trademarks, on the other hand, protect product designs and slogans that a business uses to distinguish its product from other companies’ products.
另一方面，商标保护产品设计和口号，企业使用它们来把自己的产品与其他公司的产品区分开来。
Once a trademark is used by a company, no other company can use it again for its own purposes.
一旦一个商标被一家公司使用，其他公司就不能再为自己的目的使用它。
This is the end of the listening part.
听力部分到此结束。
Please transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
请把答案誊写在答题纸上。
