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Recording Three
录音三
We all know that the sense of smell is powerful. The delicious scent of bread, for example, can act like a time machine.
我们都知道嗅觉是非常强大的。例如，面包的香味就像一台时光机。
One sniff can bring back a memory from many years ago. Indeed, scent particles, in general, can revive memories that have been long forgotten.
一闻到这种味道，就能唤发多年前的记忆。实际上，气味颗粒通常可以唤醒那些被遗忘已久的记忆。
But why do smells sometimes trigger powerful memories, especially emotional ones?
但为什么气味有时会引发强烈的记忆，尤其是情感记忆呢？
The short answer is that the brain regions that handle smells, memories and emotions are linked.
答案很简单，那就是负责气味、记忆和情感的大脑区域是相互关联的。
A scent is a chemical particle that floats in through the nose and into the region of the brain responsible for smell,
气味是一种化学颗粒，通过鼻子进入负责嗅觉的大脑区域，
where the sensation is first processed into a form that the brain can read.
在那里这种感觉首先被处理成大脑可以读取的形式。
Brain cells then carry that information to the area of the brain where emotions are processed,
然后，脑细胞将这些信息传递到处理情感的大脑区域，
and then to an adjacent area of the brain where learning and memory formation take place.
再传递到大脑中一个产生学习和形成记忆的邻近区域。
Scents are the only sensations that travel such a direct path to the emotional and memory centers of the brain.
气味是唯一能直接进入大脑情感和记忆中心的感觉。
That results in an intimate connection between emotions, memories and scents,
这就使情感、记忆和感觉之间产生了密切的联系，
which is why memories triggered by scents are experienced as more emotional than those triggered by sight or sound.
这就是为什么由气味引发的记忆比由视觉或听觉引发的记忆更能激起情感。
Let's take a closer look at how those memories are activated.
让我们仔细看看这些记忆是如何被激活的。
Usually, when a person smells something that's connected to a meaningful event in their past,
通常，当一个人闻到与过去某一件有意义的事相关的气味时，
they'll first have an emotional response to the sensation and then a memory might follow.
他首先会对这种感觉产生情感反应，然后记忆可能会随之而来。
But sometimes, the memory doesn't come to the surface. The person might feel the emotion of something that happened in the past but won't remember what they experienced.
但有时，记忆不会浮现出来。这个人可能会感受到过去某件事的情感，但不会记得自己曾经历了什么。
What causes this baffling phenomenon? The explanation is context.
是什么导致了这种令人困惑的现象？原因是环境。
Imagine this scenario -- a person is walking down the street smelling a scent that they first encountered decades ago, which activates an emotional response.
设想一个场景。一个人走在街上，闻到一种他几十年前第一次闻到的气味，这激发了情感反应。
If the person had first come across that smell in a very different context, it will be much more difficult to recover the associated memory,
如果这个人在完全不同的环境中第一次闻到这种气味，那么要勾起相关记忆会困难得多，
because the brain uses the context to give meaning to the information and find that memory.
因为大脑使用环境来给信息赋予意义并找到那段记忆。
The special nature of memories brought back by scents notwithstanding, they have the same drawbacks as other memories.
尽管气味勾起的记忆有其特殊性，但这些记忆与其他记忆有相同的缺点。
They aren't always accurate, and they can change over time. In fact, each time we remember something, that memory can become distorted.
记忆并不总是准确的，而且会随着时间的推移而改变。事实上，每次我们记起某件事时，那段记忆可能会被扭曲。
But, because of the strong emotional associations these memories evoke,
但是，由于这些记忆可以唤起强烈的情感联想，
people who remember something due to a scent are often convinced that the memories are accurate, even when they aren't.
根据气味记住某件事的人通常会坚信这些记忆是准确的，即使它们并不准确。
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
请根据刚刚听到的录音回答问题22至问题25。
Question 22. What question does the speaker try to answer in this talk?
问题22. 说话人在这次演讲中试图回答什么问题？
Question 23. What is said to result in an intimate connection between emotions, memories, and sense?
问题23. 什么会导致情感、记忆和感觉之间产生密切联系？
Question 24. What does the brain use to give meaning to information and find a memory?
问题24. 大脑用什么来赋予信息意义并找到记忆？
Question 25. What drawback do memories of sense share with other memories?
问题25. 感觉记忆与其他记忆有什么共同的缺点？
