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It has long been scientifically established that weather changes can affect people's moods.
科学早已证实，天气变化会影响人的情绪。
Now a new study has provided evidence that temperature can influence people's personalities.
现在，一项新的研究提供了温度可以影响人性格的证据。
This study of over 1.6 million people revealed that 22 degrees Celsius is the perfect air temperature to live in.
这项对160多万人进行的研究表明，22摄氏度是最适合生活的气温。
A city with an average annual temperature closer to 22 tends to have a population who are more agreeable, conscientious, emotionally stable and outgoing.
年平均气温接近22度的城市，人们往往更随和、更认真、情绪更稳定、更外向。
It is the least taxing temperature for the body to regulate its own temperature.
这是人体调节自身体温时消耗最少的温度。
The city was observational and didn't show cause an effect, but the scientists behind it theorize that better weather leads people to leave their homes more often.
这座城市是观测用的，没有显示出原因，但背后的科学家们提出了理论，更佳的天气会导致人们更为频繁地离开家园。
This in turn leads to more social interaction which encourages them to develop a friendlier and socially more acceptable personality.
这反过来又会导致更多的社会互动，鼓励他们发展更友好和更容易被社会接受的个性。
Warmer climates also make people feel more positive in general.
总的来说，温暖的气候也让人们感觉更积极。
They tend to be more agreeable and conscientious.
他们往往更随和、更有责任心。
The findings might help explain why colder and warmer countries tend to produce people with different personalities.
这一发现可能有助于解释为什么寒冷和温暖的国家往往会产生性格不同的人。
Roughly speaking, about 40 percent of a person's personality is determined by their genes.
粗略地说，人们大约40%的性格是由他们的基因决定的。
The other 60 percent by their environment.
另外60%是环境影响。
It was already well-known that personality traits vary across geographic regions.
众所周知，性格特征会因地域而异。
Scientists also knew that these geographic personality traits are associated with a broad range of consequential outcomes.
科学家们还知道，这些地理上的个性特征与广泛的间接结果相关。
These outcomes include economic activity, for example, entrepreneurial start-up rates, and also crime rates, health behaviors and health outcomes.
这些结果包括经济活动，例如创业率，以及犯罪率、健康行为和健康结果。
And it is well established that personality traits differ between countries.
公认的一点是，不同国家的人有不同的性格特征。
The research team speculated the two might be linked.
研究小组推测这两者可能有联系。
To test this, they gave online personality tests to 5, 587 Chinese students and 1.66 million Americans.
为了验证这一点，他们对5587名中国学生和166万美国人进行了在线人格测试。
They then compared the results with the average annual temperature where they grew up.
然后，他们将结果与他们生活地区的年平均温度进行了比较。
The tests measured personality along five well-studied characteristics.
这些测试通过五种被广泛研究的特征来衡量一个人的性格。
The five were: agreeability, conscientiousness, emotional stability, outgoingness and openness to new experiences.
这五种特质分别是:随和性、责任心、情绪稳定性、外向性和对新体验的开放性。
In both groups, the researchers found the closer at town's average annual temperature was to 22 degrees, the more its population exhibited those personality characteristics.
研究人员发现，在这两组人中，城市的年平均气温越接近22度，那里的人就越容易表现出这些性格特征。
However, the findings were much stronger for the Chinese group than the Americans studied, which suggests that though temperature plays a role, it does not play a dominant role.
然而，与美国人组相比，中国人组的研究结果要有力得多，这表明，尽管温度起了作用，但它并不是主导作用。
The effects are fairly weak.
影响相当微弱。
It's unlikely to lead to many arguments over the temperature setting of the office air conditioner.
它不可能导致太多关于办公室空调温度设置的争论。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
请根据你刚刚听到的录音回答16 - 18题。
Question 16: What has a new study revealed about temperature?
问题16:最新一项关于温度的研究揭示了什么?
Question 17: What does the speaker say about warmer climates?
问题17:关于温暖的气候，叙述者说了什么?
Question 18: What do the online personality tests suggest?
问题18:在线人格测试说明了什么?
