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Japan is undergoing its biggest military build-up since World War II.
日本正在进行二战以来最大规模的扩军行动。
But it is struggling to fill its ranks with women.
但该国正在努力让女性入伍。
The Japanese military has faced a series of sexual harassment cases in recent years.
近年来，日本军方面临一系列性骚扰案件。
The number of women who signed up to join the Self-Defense Forces (SDF) decreased by 12 percent in the year that ended in March 2023.
在截至2023年3月的一年中，报名加入自卫队(SDF)的女性人数减少了12%。
The drop followed several years of notable growth.
这一下降是继几年的显著增长之后出现的。
Some victims of harassment have said the culture within the military may prevent women from signing up.
一些骚扰受害者表示，军队内部的文化可能会成为女性参军的阻碍。
It has been nine months since the defense ministry promised to take serious measures.
自国防部承诺采取严厉措施以来，已经过去了九个月。
But it still has no plans to create a national system for reviewing anti-harassment training standards.
但仍未计划建立一个全国性的反骚扰培训标准审查系统。
The information comes from two defense ministry officials responsible for training.
这一信息来自两名负责训练的国防部官员。
An independent group of experts had recommended that the defense ministry create such a system.
一个独立的专家小组曾建议国防部建立这样一个系统。
The government-appointed group identified in a report published in August that the military provided poor harassment education.
这个由政府指定的组织在8月份发布的一份报告中指出，军方提供的骚扰教育很差。
The training made only limited mention of sexual harassment.
培训中只有限地提到了性骚扰。
There was also a lack of oversight of such training.
对这类培训也缺乏监督。
One servicewoman is taking legal action against the government over an alleged sexual harassment incident.
一名女兵因涉嫌性骚扰事件而对政府提起诉讼。
She said in an interview that the education she received over the past 10 years was ineffective.
她在接受采访时表示，她过去10年所接受的教育收效甚微。
Women make up just 9 percent of military service members in Japan.
在日本服兵役人员中，女性仅占9%。
In the United States, by comparison, 17 percent of military service members are women.
相比之下，在美国，17%的服兵役人员是女性。
The defense ministry told Reuters reporters that it has held harassment prevention talks by outside experts since 2023.
国防部告诉路透社记者，自2023年以来，国防部一直在举行外部专家的骚扰预防会谈。
It did not respond to questions about whether it would take the independent group's recommendation to provide oversight of training.
它没有回应是否会接受独立组织的建议来提供培训监督的问题。
Rina Gonoi is a former solider.
丽娜·戈诺伊曾是一名军人。
She went public with allegations of sexual abuse in 2022.
2022年，她公开了性侵指控。
After she came forward, the defense ministry found more than 170 alleged sexual harassment incidents in the SDF.
在她站出来后，国防部发现自卫队发生了170多起涉嫌性骚扰的事件。
Another alleged victim was an Okinawa-based servicewoman.
另一名据是受害者的是一名驻冲绳的女军人。
She accused a senior official of making sexual comments toward her in 2013.
她指控一名高级官员在2013年对她发表了性评论。
She was then publicly named in harassment training materials given to her colleagues in 2014, she told Reuters.
她告诉路透社记者，她在 2014 年发给同事的骚扰问题培训材料中被公开点名。。
The person who allegedly made the sexual comments, however, was not identified in the materials.
然而，材料中没有提到发表性评论的人的身份。
Reuters does not name alleged victims of sexual harassment.
路透社没有透露所谓的性骚扰受害者的名字。
Her allegations were supported by documents in the legal action she filed last year.
她的指控得到了她去年提起的法律诉讼中文件的支持。
The defense ministry offers yearly online training on general harassment.
国防部每年都会提供关于一般骚扰的在线培训。
It also provides training materials to officers for in-person sessions.
它还为军官提供面对面课程的培训材料。
But it does not follow how or when the officers carry out harassment training, the two defense officials said.
但这两名国防部官员表示，并不监督这些军官如何或何时进行骚扰培训。
In April, Reuters attended a harassment prevention course given to over 100 mid-ranking military officers at a base outside Tokyo.
今年4月，路透社在东京郊外的一个基地参加了一个针对100多名中级军官的骚扰预防课程。
Instructor Keiko Yoshimoto presented harassment as a communication problem.
吉本惠子教练表示，骚扰是一种沟通问题。
She centered discussions on generational differences.
她的讨论集中在代际差异上。
"Generational differences make it hard for people to communicate," she said.
她讲到：“代际差异使人们很难沟通。”
She added that military service people must understand the basics of communication before they can fully understand sexual harassment.
她补充说，服兵役的人必须了解交流的基本知识，才能完全理解性骚扰。
Gonoi and the Okinawa-based servicewoman have criticized the system as ineffective.
戈诺伊和这位驻冲绳的女军人批评这一制度无效。
"People would say 'everyone put up with that kind of behavior, it was normal back in our time,' – but these issues are being passed down to my generation because nothing was done to stop it," the servicewoman told Reuters in March.
这位女兵在三月份告诉路透社：“人们会说‘每个人都忍受这种行为，在我们这个时代这是很正常的’--但这些问题正在传给我们这一代人，因为没有采取任何措施来阻止它。”
The defense ministry officials said that training on sexual harassment mostly takes place within a larger anti-harassment course.
国防部官员表示，性骚扰培训大多是在更大的反骚扰课程中进行的。
At the two-hour training session that Reuters attended, about two minutes were related to sexual harassment.
在路透社参加的两个小时的培训课程中，大约两分钟与性骚扰有关。
The defense ministry officials said it was difficult to give standardized training on harassment.
国防部官员表示，很难提供有关骚扰的标准化培训。
That is because service members in high-stress environments may give orders in a direct way that is unusual in other environments, they said.
他们说，这是因为在高压力环境中的服务人员可能会以一种在其他环境中不常见的直接方式下达命令。
The two officers said there were concerns within the military that too much attention on harassment could create operational issues.
这两名军官表示，军方内部担心，对骚扰的过度关注可能会造成行动上的问题。
One officer suggested it might lead to unfair complaints.
一名军官表示，这可能会导致不公平的投诉。
I'm Dan Novak.
我是丹·诺瓦克。
