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The problem of cross-country smoke, or haze, has caused a new disagreement in Southeast Asia.
跨国烟雾（即雾霾）问题在东南亚引发了新的分歧。
Malaysia's environment minister wrote to Indonesia's government this week calling for action to help reduce smoke across Malaysia.
马来西亚环境部长本周致函印尼政府，要求其采取行动帮助减少马来西亚各地的烟雾。
The letter comes just weeks after countries in Southeast Asia agreed to a haze-free area by 2030.
就在几周前，东南亚国家同意到2030年变成一个无雾霾地区。
In recent weeks, air quality reports in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia have reached readings above 150.
最近几周，马来西亚和印度尼西亚部分地区报告的空气质量指数达到了150以上。
This puts conditions at a level where people can experience unhealthy effects.
这可能会使人们体验到不健康的影响。
And those with existing health problems could suffer greater greater health problems.
那些存在健康问题的人可能会遭受更严重的健康问题。
On the Indonesian side of Borneo Island, visibility was reduced to less than 10 meters.
在婆罗洲岛印尼一侧，能见度降至10米以下。
Schools are closed in both Indonesia and Malaysia to reduce the health effects on young children.
印度尼西亚和马来西亚都关闭了学校，以减少对幼儿健康的影响。
Malaysia has blamed the haze on Indonesia, saying smoke from forest fires is being pushed across the border.
马来西亚将雾霾归咎于印度尼西亚，称森林大火产生的烟雾正穿越边境。
Every few years, during the dry season, smoke from "slash and burn" land clearing takes over much of the area.
每隔几年，在旱季，采用“刀耕火种”法清理土地所产生的烟雾会弥漫该区域大部分地区。
Slash and burn is a method in agriculture to cut down and burn plants to clear land for planting.
刀耕火种是农业中砍伐和焚烧植物以清理土地种植作物的一种方法。
This method is used to clear land for planting palm trees.
这种方法被用来清理土地以种植棕榈树。
Products from palm trees include oil, pulp, and paper.
出自棕榈树的产品包括油、浆和纸。
But this method threatens public health, education, and businesses like tourism.
但这种方法威胁到公共卫生、教育和旅游业等行业。
Even after Malaysia called on Indonesia this week to avoid "normalizing" the haze, Indonesian officials have denied any responsibility.
即使在马来西亚本周要求印尼避免将雾霾“正常化”之后，印尼官员也否认对此负有任何责任。
Indonesia's environment minister Siti Nurbaya Bakar said recently that forest fires had decreased and no haze was found moving toward any neighboring country.
印尼环境部长西蒂·努尔巴亚·巴卡尔最近表示，森林火灾已经减少，没有发现雾霾向任何邻国蔓延。
She said Indonesia has been dealing with the fires by dropping water bombs from helicopters.
她说，印尼一直在用直升机投掷水弹来扑灭火灾。
In the past, Indonesia has taken legal action against companies suspected of illegal burning.
过去，印尼曾对涉嫌非法焚烧的公司采取法律行动。
But each year fires continue with different degrees of severity.
但每年都会有不同程度的火灾继续发生。
In 2015 and 2019, Indonesia saw large fires that burned millions of hectares of land.
2015年和2019年，印尼发生了大火，烧毁了数百万公顷的土地。
It caused record-breaking pollution and some places were surrounded by toxic yellow smoke.
它造成了破纪录的污染，一些地方被有毒的黄色烟雾包围。
Under Indonesian law, burning by small, local farmers is permitted.
根据印尼法律，当地小农户可以焚烧。
But it must happen on an area no greater than two hectares and necessary prevention measures must be in place.
但他们必须在两公顷面积范围内焚烧，并且必须采取必要的预防措施。
All large farm holders must follow sustainable palm oil standards, which do not permit burning.
所有大型农场所有者必须遵守可持续棕榈油生产标准，该标准不允许焚烧。
The rules mean that slash and burn methods continue to be used by small-holder farmers.
这些规定意味着，小农户可以继续使用刀耕火种法。
Additionally, following the guidelines is voluntary.
此外，遵循指导方针是自愿的。
Unclear supply chains, land claims, and laws mean that large companies can sometimes avoid responsibility for illegal land clearing.
不明确的供应链、土地所有权和法律意味着，大公司有时可以逃避非法清理土地的责任。
The large operations are sometimes owned by companies based in countries like Malaysia and Singapore.
这些大型业务有时归马来西亚和新加坡等国的公司所有。
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) recently launched a center for Transboundary Haze Pollution Control (known as ACC THPC).
东南亚国家联盟（东盟）最近成立了一个跨境雾霾污染控制中心。
Its aim is to help members prevent, deal with, and follow cross-country haze.
其目的是帮助成员国预防、应对和跟踪跨国雾霾。
The center is in line with ASEAN's agreement to reach a haze-free area by 2030.
该中心与东盟到2030年变成无雾霾地区协议的目标一致。
This week ASEAN agriculture and forestry ministers also agreed to take collective action to reduce and eventually remove crop burning.
本周，东盟农业和林业部长也同意采取集体行动，减少并最终消除焚烧农作物的行为。
Environmentalists say Indonesia is home to the world's third largest rainforest area and the government needs to take more action.
环保人士表示，印尼拥有世界第三大热带雨林，政府需要采取更多措施。
The country is experiencing increased dry conditions because of a weather system called El Nino.
由于一种名为厄尔尼诺的天气系统，该国正在经历日益严重的干旱天气。
Greenpeace Indonesia says climate warming is making forest and land fires more intense, which is adding to the climate crisis.
印尼绿色和平组织表示，气候变暖使森林和土地火灾变得更加严重，这加剧了气候危机。
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
