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A number of companies have been established to provide a second life for electric vehicle (EV) batteries.
为了给电动汽车电池提供第二次生命，许多公司已经成立。
But industry experts say such businesses could face major difficulties, even as the EV market continues to grow.
但业内专家表示，即使电动汽车市场继续增长，这些企业也可能会面临大困难。
Reuters news agency reports nearly 50 startup companies have been launched with the aim of buying used EV batteries and reselling them to be used for new purposes.
据路透社报道，为购买二手电动汽车电池并将其转售用于新用途，近50家初创公司已经成立。
In addition, large carmakers, such as Mercedes and Nissan, have set up their own operations to give EV batteries a second life.
此外，梅赛德斯和日产等大型汽车制造商也建立了其赋予电动汽车电池第二次生命的业务部门。
The companies' founders believe they can find new purposes for used EV batteries from vehicles.
这两家公司的创始人认为，他们可以为电动汽车旧电池找到新的用途。
The businesses will seek batteries that have been in use for eight to 10 years.
这些企业将寻求已经使用了8到10年的电池。
The capacity of EV batteries generally falls below 80 to 85 percent during those years.
在这些年里，电动汽车电池的容量通常会降到80%到85%以下。
Then, the companies will repurpose the batteries and sell them.
然后，这些公司将会重新调整电池的用途并出售它们。
But experts say there is currently a shortage of old EV batteries and this situation is expected to continue in the foreseeable future.
但专家表示，目前旧电动汽车电池短缺，预计在可预见的未来，这种情况将会持续下去。
One reason for this is that many people are keeping their vehicles for a longer time.
其中一个原因是，许多人的汽车使用时间更长。
Financial research company S&P Global Mobility notes that EV vehicle owners in the United States are keeping their cars a record 12.5 years.
金融研究公司标普全球移动指出，美国电动汽车车主的汽车保有期达到创纪录的12.5年。
This suggests to experts that many EVs will also stay on the road for years to come even if their batteries are working below capacity.
在专家看来，这意味着即使电池容量不足，许多电动汽车也将会在未来几年内继续行驶。
Hans Eric Melin is the creator of advisory company Circular Energy Storage, which follows battery sales and prices.
汉斯·埃里克·梅林是咨询公司Circular Energy Storage的创始人，该公司跟踪电池的销售情况和价格变化。
He told Reuters the idea "that EV batteries are only going to last eight-to-10 years and then owners would swap them out is just not true."
他告诉路透社，“电动汽车电池只能使用8到10年，然后车主就会更换电池的想法是不正确的。”
Melin added, "It's going to be tricky to make second-life work."
梅林补充说：“让电池的第二次生命发挥作用将会是一件棘手的事情。”
Elmar Zimmerling is the business development manager for automotive at German second-life battery startup Fenecon.
埃尔马尔·齐默林是德国二手电池初创公司Fenecon的汽车业务开发经理。
He told Reuters that since many EVs built 10 years ago remain in use, there is currently "no market for second-life batteries."
他告诉路透社，由于许多10年前生产的电动汽车仍在使用，目前“二手电池没有市场”。
But he predicted a flood of used batteries within the next five years.
但他预测，在未来五年内，将会出现大量废旧电池。
Another issue is that competition from companies using EV batteries to power everything from gasoline-powered vehicles to boats have driven prices up for used batteries.
另一个问题是，来自使用电动汽车电池为汽油动力汽车、船只等各种产品提供动力的公司的竞争推高了二手电池的价格。
Circular Energy Storage estimates this pushed prices to $235 per kilowatt hour in late 2022.
Circular Energy Storage估计，这会在2022年底将价格推高至每千瓦时235美元。
This is about double the price major carmakers pay for new batteries.
这大约是主要汽车制造商为购买新电池支付的费用的两倍。
One example is the long-range Tesla Model 3, which has a 75 kilowatt hour battery.
一个例子是远程的特斯拉Model 3，这款车有75千瓦时的电池。
At the estimated rate, the Tesla battery would cost $17,625 on the used market.
按照估计的价格，在二手市场上，特斯拉电池的价格为17625美元。
Some experts say it could even be more profitable for companies to sell needed battery elements rather than whole batteries.
一些专家表示，对公司来说，销售所需的电池元件可能会比销售整个电池更有利可图。
"The ... question is, if you have pretty valuable raw materials in a battery and you ask 'how can I get the most out of it?'” said Thomas Becker.
托马斯·贝克尔说：“问题是，如果你的电池中有非常有价值的原材料，你问‘我如何才能最大限度地利用它？’”
He is the head of sustainability at German carmaker BMW.
他是德国汽车制造商宝马公司可持续发展部的负责人。
The company has a second-life battery storage facility at its Leipzig plant.
该公司在莱比锡市的工厂有一个二手电池储存设施。
The answer, Becker said, "is recycling might be better."
贝克尔说，答案是“回收利用可能会更好。”
Demand for used batteries for storage – for homes, businesses or possibly even power grids – is likely to rise as renewable energy forms continue to expand.
随着可再生能源形式的不断扩大，用于家庭、企业甚至电网的旧电池的需求可能会上升。
By 2030, worldwide battery capacity for grid storage could grow to 680 gigawatt-hours, from 16GWh at the end of 2021, an estimate by the Paris-based International Energy Agency shows.
总部位于巴黎的国际能源署估计，到2030年，全球电网储能的电池容量可能会从2021年底的16千兆瓦时增长到680千兆瓦时。
Britain alone pays around $1.27 billion yearly to turn off wind farms when the grid does not need the power.
当电网不需要电力的时候，仅英国每年就要支付约12.7亿美元来关闭风力发电场。
There is no way yet to store the power because of the battery shortage.
由于电池短缺，目前还没有办法储存电力。
Britain also often has to buy electricity from Europe when it cannot produce enough on its own.
当英国自己无法生产足够的电力时，它也经常不得不从欧洲购买电力。
I'm Bryan Lynn.
布莱恩·林恩为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
